Erectile Dysfunction Essay - 1098 Words

Erectile Dysfunction often called impotency is when a man finds it difficult to obtain or sustain an erection. This disorder effects one in ten men on a long term level. Most men suffers from it time to time due to being drunk, tired, or not just feeling like having sex at the time. On a long term basis it affects sleeping habits, love life, and emotions. Edwin told of his erectile dysfunction due to his prostate cancer surgery. He stated he was mentally prepared but he was still devastated about it. He stated that even if you are embarrassed there is hope out there you just have to seek help for the disorder. In order to resolve the problem of erectile dysfunction one must cut back on drinking, stop smoking, staying away from†¦show more content†¦For as long as Jazz could talk she identified herself as a girl. She asked her mom when she was only two years of age when the fairy was going to come and change her sex organ from penis to vagina. At the age of three a doctor in formed the Jennings to seek professional help for Jazz after noticing all the symptoms of gender identity disorder. The couple took Jazz to Dr. Marilyn Voltka who made the diagnosis. Dr. Voltka states that she was led to believe Jazz had gender identity disorder through conversation when she mistakenly called Jazz a he and she corrected him saying he was a girl; and also using to dolls one being a boy and one being a girl of which Jazz said he was the boy but he wanted to be the girl. There are only theories as to why children suffer from the disorder. (Jazz, 2008 ) Ten year old Riley was born a boy and lives as a female. He was born Richard. Barbara Walters asked Riley if someone approached her and asked if she was a girl or a boy what would she reply? Riley said girl she has always felt like a girl. Riley thinks of her penis as a birth defect and she see herself having babies later on in life. At two he wanted to dress like his sister and when his parents told him he was a boy he said no he was a girl. They told of an experience when Riley was about two and a half; he had a nail clipper next to his penis he wanted to cut it off stating it did not belong there. InitiallyShow MoreRelatedErectile Dysfunction2863 Words   |  12 PagesErectile Dysfunction Today’s society is a sexual playing field. Celebrities on television and movies, models on the covers of magazines, and even politicians have become sexual legends in the map of American society. The issue of sex is publicly discussed, on media and otherwise, and as such, it has become, to a great degree, a measure of self-worth. Issues such as breast size, penis size, and sexual stamina have flooded the American public with the idea that one is defined by how sexually appealingRead MoreThe Problem Of Erectile Dysfunction1165 Words   |  5 PagesRigimax – Will this leave up to its claims? See details in the review! Erectile dysfunction otherwise known as impotence is a common problem among men. Studies have shown that the probability for men to be affected by ED, at some point in their life is high. Similarly, ED has affected as many as 80 million men worldwide. There are direct causes of ED and there are also risk factors, which everyman is exposed to, to impotence. Many synthetic pharmaceuticals have been formulated to manage the problemsRead More Erectile Dysfunction Essay2696 Words   |  11 Pages Erectile Dysfunction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society is a sexual playing field. Celebrities on television and movies, models on the covers of magazines, and even politicians have become sexual legends in the map of American society. The issue of sex is publicly discussed, on media and otherwise, and as such, it has become, to a great degree, a measure of self-worth. Issues such as breast size, penis size, and sexual stamina have flooded the American public with the idea that oneRead MoreErectile Disorders And Erectile Dysfunction1245 Words   |  5 Pagesmen at age 50 or older have reported some level of erectile dysfunction issues? Erectile dysfunction is commonly known as impotence. Erectile dysfunction is the inability of a man to sustain and maintain an erection for the duration on intercourse. Erectile dysfunction can be very frustrating and emotionally difficult for a man. He may feel embarrassed and frustrated about his unsatisfactory sexual performance. Younger men can get erectile dysfunction although it happens to older men more often, butRead MoreErectile Dysfunction ( Impotence )1262 Words   |  6 PagesErectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Male sexual arousal is a complex process that involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles and blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction can result from a problem with any of these. Likewise, stress and mental health concerns can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction. Having erection issues can cause stress, affect your self-confidence and contribute to relationship problems. RecentRead MoreErectile Dysfunction ( Ed )1017 Words   |  5 PagesI have selected erectile dysfunction (ED) as my topic of discussion this week. ED is such a prevalent health issue, there are so may myths regarding the issue. One of the most common myths that I think we may all have heard of from our elderly patients â€Å"I can get it up because I am just too old†. I hope to further explore this health issue and be able to provide knowledge information to our patients in the future. Below is a helpful link that can assess how much we know about the facts of ED. I scoredRead MoreThe Fight For Erectile Dysfunction Medicines944 Words   |  4 Pagesand regular revolution is sweeping the marketplace for erectile dysfunction medicines - Cialis. Most men and women would possibly not even be conscious of it. Lilly ICOS, the pharmaceutical alliance, which launched the blo ckbuster drug Cialis, announced that the drug has executed 1 billion bucks in international revenue when you consider that launching in Europe less than two years back. Correctly Cialis has end up the top Erectile Dysfunction healing in France, because January 2005, centered on theRead MoreCauses And Treatment Of Erectile Dysfunction1015 Words   |  5 PagesCauses and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction By Michael Guralnik | Submitted On October 28, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Erectile Dysfunction It refers to the inability of a male to sustainRead MoreErectile Dysfunction And The Elderly Population1757 Words   |  8 PagesErectile Dysfunction, according to the American Sexual Health Association, is the inability to maintain an erection that is suitable for intercourse. It is a condition that can affect men of any age. Even though erectile dysfunction can affect men of all ages, it is most prevalent in the elderly population. Erectile dysfunction can be due to many issues such as psychological problems, heart disease, high blood pressure, Diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, trauma from surgery related to prostate cancerRead MoreErectile Dysfunction : Causes, Effects, And A Focus On Treatments2324 Words   |  10 PagesErectile Dysfunction: Causes, Effects, and a Focus on Treatments â€Å"Sex.† The media portrays sex to be easy, problem-less, and enjoyable all the time. Although this may be the case for some, for others, sex can be a serious struggle. Research shows that sexual dysfunction is common with 43% of women and 31% of men (DiMeo, 2006). In addition, around 10% of men aged 40 to 70 years old have complete erectile dysfunction, yet very few seek medical help (O’Leary, Barada, Costabile, 1996). Sexual

Immigration Is A Domestic Issue And Global Concern

Introduction Immigration is both a domestic issue and global concern. It involves economics, politics, and culture. Unlike other current issues, it has been at the center of the American experience for hundreds of years (Tirman, John). Every year, hundreds of thousands of immigrants from around the world, come to the United States. These immigrants have many different motivations as to why they leave their home country; but as currents events indicate, it is injustice, poverty, and violence in their own country that generally make people move to save themselves and to ensure a better future for their families. Many of these people believe the United States is the best place to go, because there is more freedom, protection, and benefits,†¦show more content†¦The need to hide their status dues to the negative context given to the label â€Å"illegal† and â€Å"undocumented†. As well as the need to be comprehended by others that view them as being lawbreakers and terrorist. Research Methods Drawing on several sources of survey data and interview questions this project examined the different attitudes of Illegal immigrant in the United states and their opinion on immigration. The survey questions were about their opinion of immigration; as well as how they see themselves and others. I wanted them to reflect on shared and unshared beliefs and values regarding themselves and others. The interview questions were a bit more personal and asked about their individual life experiences as undocumented immigrants in the city of Houston. Participants ranged from young adults to older adults who are undocumented in the city of Houston. The gender of the participants ranged from three Female participants to two Male participants. The five participants who took part in this project were people I personally knew whom volunteered to take part in this project. To help protect their identity, the survey did not contain information that could personally identify them. As special request, I asked if I could reference them using only their first name. I reassurance them that the data collected will be used for scholarly purposes only. ConclusionShow MoreRelatedHow Can America Become A Better Immigrant Nation?1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclining in recent years. Journalists are pointing out that one of the reasons why it got weaker is due to a failed immigration system and outdated policies towards illegal immigrants. For instance, Fareed Zakaria from Time magazine says, although America was once considered an example to many other immigrant nations, it is now falling behind some of them in terms of immigration-related matters (24). Simply put, it is no longer the best immigrant nation it used to be. However, indicators of beingRead MoreImmigration Control And National Homeland Security1491 Words   |  6 Pages Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, immigration control and national homeland security have been issues of concern for both the national government and private citizens. In the wake of the attacks, a lot of articles were written about what the appropriate response should be to prevent another attack. In 2004, Mark Krikorian wrote an article for the Providence Journal entitled â€Å"Safety through Immigration Control† in which he contends that the only means to keep America safe fromRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Global Phenomenon That Does Not Recognize National Borders1589 Words   |  7 Pages What can be done to Combating Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is a global phenomenon that does not recognize national borders. Realizing the serious consequences of the human toll, the U.S government has spent $55 million in 50 countries on anti-trafficking programs designed to help indigenous non-government organizations and, international organizations law enforcements officials and foreign governments prevent human trafficking, and restore victims to society. If human traffickingRead MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigration1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of illegal immigration has become one of the most important issues of concern to the international community and the countries that represent a source of migrants as well as countries that receive them it is worth mentioning that there is a close link will appear in the coming days between the global financial crisis and the issue of illegal immigration; since that crisis will push millions of young people to the lists of unemployed to increase their number in developing countries, andRead MoreGlobalization is a Process of Rapid Changes in Structural and Cultural Processes1398 Words   |  6 Pagesstructural and cultural practices (Lecture, January7,2014). Relating this to specific issues that have been covered in class and is are a large concern for many people today is immigration and migration. Although these are quite similar they also different in the sense that immigration is more narrow while migration is broader. Each of the articles: Immigration: Obama Orders Deportation Review, The Economics of Immigration, Facing Deportation but Clinging to Life in the U.S, Asian female migrant workersRead More Canada in the Global Economy Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesCanada in the Global Economy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past few years, Canadas economy has done comparatively well and has demonstrated some resilience to the fluctuating global economy. However, Canada remains to be relatively less competitive with respect to other developed countries. In this paper I will attempt to take a closer look at Canadas position in the global economy today and examine the relevant issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competition is an important driver of innovation and productivity growth. LookingRead MorePublic Attitude Towards Immigration At Supranational, National And Regional Level865 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased, domestic economic growth has been likely to decline (Hatton, 2014b). In particular, the regional integration has remarkably deepened and widened for the last two decades; as a result, the EU citizens have been allowed to move within the area freely without complicated registration and immigration including people from outside of the EU has been an emergent concern for the EU members (Pinder and Usherwood, 2013: 93). Some researchers investigated public attitude towards immigration at supranationalRead MoreAging Population : A Global Phenomenon1519 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Population aging can be defined as the median age of the population increasing over time. Aging population is becoming a global phenomenon as the baby boomers are hitting the 65-year mark and fertility rates are declining. An aging population has become an issue that many countries are having to face with significant impacts in economic areas. The Canadian population has changed drastically over the last several years. As the baby boomers (the segment of the population born post WorldRead MoreImmigration Policy Of The United States And Its Effects On Hispanic Immigrants1541 Words   |  7 PagesMHS_ForeignLanguageWritingAssignment Tanya Meinecke-Smith SPAN_2311_MHS 06 December 2014 Immigration Policy in the United States and its Effects on Hispanic Immigrants Whether with a cold shoulder welcome or a open arm embrace, the United States has constantly received a range of global immigrants, over half whom originate from Latin America (migrationpolicy.org). Largely driven by the prospect of the â€Å"American Dream,† the Latino immigration movement began in the 1840s and has fluctuated with new policies, includingRead MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pages Global governance is a set of coercive norms, principles, rules and decisions-making procedures existing over and above the level of nations-states which have to comply with them. In the realm of international migration in which individuals opt voluntarily to cross countries boundaries in order to stay in the host state for a minimum of length of time, it appears that that the need of global governance has become unavoidable by the mid twentieth century. Effectively, states struggle to control international

Performance Management Competitive Environment

Question: Discuss about the Performance Management For Competitive Environment. Answer: Introduction Managing human resources in todays competitive environment is becoming more and more complex as well as significant (Brouer et al.2015). An effective process of performance outcomes observation is essential to provide employee encouragement (Cummings and Worley 2014). Therefore recruitment process and employee performance appraisal are the most concerning and sensitive issue for nay business process. Haighs Chocolate is the Australian confectionery company known as a chocolate seller, successfully satisfies consumers from Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales (Haighschocolates.com.au 2016). The company previously faced many difficulties to manage people within the factory. Many of the researcher identified that performance of the employees has not being assessed accurately. The complete focus of the employee assessment was the person including characterizations of their personal traits- behavior, knowledge, however, they has not been measured the actual output. Few of the researchers identified that the management of the company are responsible for gathering infrequent feedback. Generally, they resolve employee performance issues annually and thus an ineffective employee management program has been practiced by the management of Haighs Chocolate. Though the company is being flourished in different cities of Australia, large number of employees needs to be recruited mentio ning proper job requirements and resolving exiting performance e appraisal issues. Recruitment Process Since the 100 years, the team of Haighs is responsible for production of premium chocolates. The skilled employees are recruited and delivered assigned job responsibilities to their best (Jiang et al. 2012). The company has selected their suitable candidates offering existing career opportunities across Manufacturing, Corporate, and Retail areas. Furthermore, the company provides a strong focus on career progression through continual training program process and development (Haighschocolates.com.au 2016). However, many researchers confirmed that the training programs of the company are not updated or improvised on regular interval. Hence, employees find the system of training process ineffective and inefficient. Haighs Chocolates embraces diversity and encourages applications from people with diversity. Many people are recruited from outside the country and the company provides a comfortable workplace to attain the best performance from all their recruited members (Haighschocolates.com.au 2016). However, the company faced problem to manage people who are from different backgrounds. Selection of suitable candidates is always a vital process. In the current ongoing recruitment process, the company follows the following steps: Step 1 Searching: Initially, the company posts their job vacancies in their official website address. Different types of vacancies are posted mentioning specified job details. The job seekers are applied for suitable job within specified time. Step 2 Short listing: After the initial screening, the company is shortlisted certain candidates for a particular openings. The company matches the job specification with the candidates profile. Here the qualification and past experiences are considers the most important attributes by the human resource department of the company. Step 3: Screening: Screening is the integral part of the recruitment process (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Job specification is invaluable in screening. Applications received in response to invitation are called up for personal interview where managers are interacted with the shortlisted candidates. After this screening process, the human resource department of Haighs Chocolate selected the right candidates. Step 4 Performance appraisal: Performance standards are all about setting up of the standards which are generally used to as the base to compare the actual performance (Rummler and Brache 2012). Here the management follows the below mentioned performance appraisal process which are conducted on yearly basis: Diagram 1: Current Performance Appraisal Process of Haighs Chocolate (Source: Haighschocolates.com.au 2016). Specification of the Performance Standards (KPIs) Human resource management has the obvious sense of getting things done through people (Van der Velden and Humburg 2014). This is a critical part of very managers responsibility, however, many organizations finds it beneficial to establish a specialist division to offer an expert service dedication for ensuring that the department of human resource is performed in an efficient manner. The recruitment KPIs defines the main areas which need to be measured in the process of recruitment. Here the company emphasized four performance standards. These include: Task completion time: The management has assigned task to a particular employees and give the deadline to accomplish such task. It is being evaluated by the human resource department to accomplish the task by each employee. Accomplishing the task within the deadline, employees are getting appraisal. However, such appraisal process is being evaluated by the management on annual basis. Communication skill: Haighs Chocolate has been expanded their business in the international level. Many people are recruitment from the outside of Australia. Thus communication proficiency has been considered as one of the key performance indicators of the company. Team management ability: Handling a team in the most effective manner is essential to deliver the best performance of employees. In the chocolate manufacturing process, several teams are actively participated and contributed to accomplish the task such as Manufacturing, Retail and Corporate teams. Head of the departments of each department are evaluated performance standard of employees based on the team management skill. Job Specification: Assigned people as per specified job are one of the prime roles of the management (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013). Being a prominent seller in the confectionery industry of Australia, the company provides many job opportunities in the chocolate manufacturing process. Jobs are specified as per the departments requirements. For the manufacturing process, the company provides opportunities for certain roles. It includes Production Planning executives, Quality controller, Manufacturing process engineers, Supervision of Factory, Junior/senior design managers and many others. Job Specifications of Peoples from Manufacturing Units in Haighs Chocolate: Production Planning Executives: Sampling planning Planning of the production and schedule of products Packaging material shortages to material department for the next accounting period and ensured released materials available of production Maintain Co-ordination and follow up with materials, quality operation Coordinating contract manufacturing locations and Third party locations Management of sales inventory Quality Controller: Being a shift in-charge, Quality controller of Haighs Chocolate maintains the following job specification: Checking and reviewing of analytical report Preparation of standard operating procedure within the work place of Haighs End-product verification by reviewing the required specification On the other hand, people recruited in the retail department of Haighs Chocolate are recruited in the various job profiles like Sales Executives, General Manager in Sales and Junior/Senior floor salesman. Sales Executives: Visit relevant outlets to achieve target of sales Coordination with distributors of Haighs to ensure the adequate infrastructure and maintain the level of service in market Responsibility should be handled for achieving the secondary sales General Manager: Keep records of product demands in the market Maintain the store discipline Reporting on plan versus action to management Implement the system of quality In case of corporate responsibility dealings, Haighs Chocolate recruits people in various job profile such as Finance Controller, Administrative Executives, Chef Executive Officer, and Senior Personal Performance Manager and so on. All these people are responsible for specific duties. For example, setting strategy and vision and building working culture of the company are the key job specification for the title of CEO. On the other hand, Finance Controller is responsible for handling finance in a most effective manner or to keep a close watch about the finance dealing of his/her subordinates. Method of Job Advertisement or Alternative Interview Structure Seeking right people and assigning him/her to the right position is challenging but ever demanding (Giacalone and Rosenfeld 2013). Companies posts or publish advertisements for seeking suitable candidates for the organization. Various job advertisement methods are used for generating awareness for the openings. Such methods include newspaper advertisements, television commercials, targeted online jobsites, and social networking sites and so on. Haighs Chocolate prefers to post the current job openings at their website portal (Haighschocolates.com.au 2016). Thus, this has been evaluated that the company finds difficult to select their recruitments because the company hardly finds best skill people for their organization. Arranging interviews is the main important aspects of recruiting. Interviewers can arrange interview by various ways such as Face-to-Face personal interview, Online Interview, Interview though Skype or video conferencing. Preferring face to face personal interview is being used by Haighs Chocolate in most of the cases. By this method of interview, the company restricts themselves to choose the right candidate from the overseas. Method of Structuring the Nature of Feedback: Collecting feedback from the applicants gives the opportunity to improve the recruitment process which may promise a better selection or better performance appraisal method for the new as well as existing employees of the organization (Rummler and Brache 2012). This has been recommended by many interviewers that at least one of the formal panels who attends can gather responses or feedback from the applicants to enhance the future interview procedures. To structuring the form of best feedback method, the company can do survey process. At the end of the recruitment process, applicants may fill up an ethical feedback form. Conclusion with Recommendation To improve the recruitment process of the company the following recommendation needs to be incorporated: Firstly, the company should make a new recruitment process which is more constructive and systematic. The five steps needs to be included to make it an effective such as Recruitment planning: Planning involves drafting a comprehensive job specification for the open position, outline the job responsibilities, set of preferred skilled, required qualifications, level of pay and so on. Development strategy: The Company needs to develop a strategy whether candidates will be hire from local area or outside, method of interviews, selection procedures and so on. Searching: The company can attract jobseekers attention by sourcing opportunities through internal or external. Internal source is websites current opening site and external are many targeted job portals, online or newspaper commercials. Screening: For an appropriate screening process, the company needs to consider different features like qualification, knowledge, skills, interest, experience, abilities and so on. Evaluation and control: This is imperative because costs are considered for the recruitment process. Secondly, the performance appraisal procedure must be effective and should be reviewed on monthly basis. The way, the company can resolve performance management-related issues. For instance, Haighs Chocolate should change their performance appraisal process by following way: (Source: Created by author) Thirdly, the human resource department of the company needs to engage their employees in the training and development process to perform better. In this way, the company, employees performance outcomes will be recognized and existing appraisal issues resolved. References: Brouer, R.L., Stefanone, M.A., Badawy, R.L., Egnoto, M.J. and Seitz, S.R., 2015, January. Losing Control of Company Information in the Recruitment Process: The Impact of LinkedIn on Organizational Attraction. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 1879-1888). IEEE. Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Giacalone, R.A. and Rosenfeld, P., 2013. Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Haighschocolates.com.au. (2016). Home page - Haigh's Chocolates. [online] Available at: https://www.haighschocolates.com.au [Accessed 8 Jun. 2016]. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A. and Winkler, A.L., 2012. Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), pp.73-85. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 39(2), pp.366-391. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013. Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012. Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Van der Velden, R. and Humburg, M., 2014. Skills and the graduate recruitment process: Evidence from two discrete choice experiments (No. 002). Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA).

Acid Rain (573 words) Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain (573 words) Essay Acid RainAcid rain refers to all types of precipitationrain, snow, sleet, hail, fogthat is acidic in nature. Acidic means that these forms of water have a pH lower than the 5.6 average of rainwater. Acid rain kills aquatic life, trees, crops and other vegetation, damages buildings and monuments, corrodes copper and lead piping, damages such man-made things as automobiles, reduces soil fertility and can cause toxic metals to leach into underground drinking water sources. Rain is naturally acidic because carbon dioxide, found normally in the earths atmosphere, reacts with water to form carbonic acid. While pure rains acidity is pH 5.6-5.7, actual pH readings vary from place to place depending upon the type and amount of other gases present in the air, such as sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides. The term pH refers to the free hydrogen ions (electrically charged atoms) in water and is measured on a scale from 0 to 14. Seven is considered neutral and measurements below seven are acidic while those above it are basic or alkaline. Every point on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase over the previous number. Thus, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times more so than pH 6. Similarly, pH 9 is 1O times more basic than pH 8 and 100 times more basic than pH 7. The acid in acid rain comes from two kinds of air pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These are emitted primarily from utility and smelter smokestacks and automobile, truck and bus exhausts, but they also come from burning wood. When these pollutants reach the atmosphere they combine with gaseous water in clouds and change to acidssulphuric acid and nitric acid. Then, rain and snow wash these acids from the air. Acid rain affects lakes, streams, rivers, bays, ponds and other bodies of water by increasing their acidity until fish and other aquatic creatures can no longer live. Aquatic plants grow best between pH 7.0 and 9.2 (Bourodemos). As acidity increases (pH numbers become lower), submerged aquatic plants decrease and deprive waterfowl of their basic food source. At pH 6, freshwater shrimp cannot survive. At pH 5.5, bottom-dwelling bacterial decomposers begin to die and leave undecomposed leaf litter and other organic debris to collect on the bottom. This deprives planktontiny creatures that form the base of the aquatic food chainof food, so that they too disappear. Below a pH of about 4.5, all fish die.Acid rain harms more than aquatic life. It also harms vegetation. The forests of the Federal Republic of Germany and elsewhere in Western Europe, for example, are believed to be dying because of acid rain. Scientists believe that acid rain damages the protective waxy coating of leaves and allows acids to diffuse into them, which interrupts the evaporation of water and gas exchange so that the plant no longer can breathe. This stops the plants conversion of nutrients and water into a form useful for plant growth and affects crop yields. Perhaps the most important effects of acid rain on forests result from nutrient leaching, accumulation of toxic metals and the release of toxic aluminum. Nutrient leaching occurs when acid rain adds hydrogen ions to the soil which interact chemically with existing minerals. This displaces calcium, magnesium and potassium from soil particles and deprives trees of nutrition. Science Essays