A MODEST PROPOSAL Essay -- essays research papers

In the nineteenth century, Ireland was marked by extensive personal suffering. Civilians, predominantly the catholic lower and middle-classes, were having a hard time conclusion jobs, paying rent, feeding their children, as well as putting up with overpopulation which contributed to the overall growing problem of poverty. During this time of suffering, many began to question whether Britain acted as hastily and as effectively as they could have, as well as believing that centuries of British rule and/or political oppression was a fundamental find of the famine (which originated from a potato crop failure). Jonathan Swift, a poor-boy who found his niche as a social critic/spokesman for Irish rights, after analyzing the possible causes, he concludes that England should not be the sole one to blame and therefore proposes a rather straightforward solution to Irelands evident predicament by insistency that the abundance of children of the poor to be used as a food supply.Jonathan Swif t blames the English Protestants for their cruel and inhumane treatment of the papists, or poor Irish Catholics, through both political and economic oppression. This is seen when the authors persona believes that England would be more than willing to eat the Irish poor even if such(prenominal) a proposal had never been suggested, saying that, I could name a country which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it. organism a son of pauper parents, as well as having spent years in Ireland, he first han...

Shamanism: The Siberian Paradigm in the Analysis of Shamans Essay

Shamanism The Siberian Paradigm in the Analysis of ShamansTHE ANALYS OF THE shaman A BRIEF INTRODUCTIONKing Louis IX of France, a devout Roman Catholic who is venerated as saint and exemplary Christian monarch, received a harrowing report from a Franciscan monk in 1255. The Monk Wilhelm av Ruysbroek, who had been sent to the court of Mongolia on behalf of France, retold the account of an oracle that invoked spirits with black magic and fed an evil darkness with drum music and boiled meat. Scholars now realize that this account describes the first encounter a Westerner experienced with shamanistic rituals (Siikala, A.L. & Hoppl, M. 1998). More importantly, despite his subjective portrayal, the French Monk introduced the concept of the shaman to the West. Through many subsequent eye-witness reports, it would be seen that the role of the shaman has remained relatively idempotent from century to century. The shaman, as a spiritual-religious specialist, is now the focus of much Western s cholarship with research analyzing the role of this individual within the shamanistic systems of belief. Yet, it is within this workplace that the scholar of shamanism must become acquainted with the characteristics of the shaman through the collection and scrutiny of primary data in order to properly get in established conclusions to the discipline. These conclusions should introduce original claims within the field such as shaman identification criteria, detailed research methodologies, and deconstructions of clan-specific shamanic history. More importantly, the data being canvas must originate from first-hand accounts of shamans and their otherworldly journeys, ceremonial rituals, and specialized paraphernalia.The aim of this research piece is... ...ifferent worlds and interaction with unearthly beings is juxtaposed with a dependency to a democratic community. In the end scholarship is given an understanding of the shaman that is accord with the reality of the cultural circu mstances.References Eliade, M. (2005). In L. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of religion (2nd ed. ed., pp. 8269-8274). Detroit Macmillan Reference USA.Pharo, L. K. (2011). A methodological analysis for a deconstruction and reconstruction of the concepts Shaman and Shamanism. Numen International Review for the History of Religions, 58Sidky, H. (2010). Ethnographic perspectives on differentiating shamans from other ritual intercessors. Asian Ethnology, 69(2), (pp. 213-240).Siikala, A.L. & Hoppl, M. (1998). Studies on shamanism. Helsinki Finish Anthropological Society.Stutley, M. (2003). Shamanism An introduction. London Routledge.

Alan Greenspan :: Essays Papers

Alan GreenspanSince Alan Greenspan became chairman of the FED, the countrys economy has reflected many an(prenominal) positive results. He has done a terrific job. allan is a very bright man who is always thinking of ways to prevent problems before they happen in the economic sector of the nation. All economists have been very content with his job just until now. In a recent Time magazine article called Is That Really You, Allan?disapproval about around new commands that this man has suggested for the economy have been highly critized.The first new rule that Alan proposed was to equalizerrict down with producivity. In the article he responds to this new rule by saying that too much efficiency pushes demand and becomes inflationary. This meaning that too much is produced and stock prices are getting higher. When this happens people begin to aspect very wealthy and start to buy and buy like crazy. This is something that can cause major inflation in a future. Alans second rule i s to keep stock market prices not rising more than 5% to 6%. Greenspan comments that this has to be done because shares should rise only as fast as the rest of the economy. These two new rules proposed by Alan are mainly to protect the country from inflation and many economists and other people dont understand it. The article also reflects that many people think that Alan is doing the wrong thing. This is mainly because they are not getting the economic benefits they wish and are not thinking about the countrys economic future. A very clear example is given in this article as well. The chief economist of the Deutsche Bank, Edward Yardeni states that, If the wealth effect continues to boost demand, then why cant productivity continue to boost supply? I really think that this comment was really said in an angry and ambitious way. This is an economist of a beach and should really try to understand that what Alan is trying to do is right. I also think this man is seeking only his own benefits.The chairmans decisions have brought many investors to worry. yet just as Edward Yardeni, all these people are only thinking about the harm these rules will bring to their own selves. They are not cognisant that what Alan is doing is taking precautions so inflation will not invade the economy in the coming years.

A Society of Unequal’s Just Won’t Do Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jan

Everyone has the right to govern oneself in how to act, where to live, and who to associate with. In Jane Eyre, Jane is controlled and structured by an underlying social and economic recapitulation of conventional patriarchal authority. First, we will examine the various patriarchs that Jane encounters with canful vibrating reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, Mr. Rochester, and St. John. Then, we can turn our attention to the economics of social class and how Jane conducts herself where she resides rather it be at Gateshead, Lowood or Thornfield and then we will look at how Jane becomes an equal. Upon receiving a vast fortune from her uncle, Jane abandons her role of inferiority and travels to Ferndean to reunite with Rochester as equals. Jane Eyres mother dogged to marry into a lower social class than her own and consequently did not inherit any of her familys wealth. John Reed, Janes maternal cousin, and did inherit the familys wealth and therefore thought he was superior to Jane. Jo hn made it apparent that his position as sole male inheritor gives him absolute power to harass his dependent female cousin. One can see this when he finds her hidden behind curtains reading a book, John Reed tells Jane, You are a dependent, mama says you have no money your father left you none you ought to beg, and not live here with gentlemens children like usIll teach you to rummage my book-shelves for they are mine all the house belongs to me (Bronte 23). John then proceeds to demand Jane to go and stand by the door, which she complied to because she is considered his inferior. John then threw the book that he found Jane reading at her. She fell and struck her head against the door, causing it to bleed. Jane verbally lashes out against John Reed, and ... ...ction, Volume 31, no(prenominal) 4. (March 1977) 397-420 JSTOR. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. .Wyatt, Jean. Patriarch of Ones own Jane Eyre and Romantic Love. Tulsa Studies in Womens Literature, Volume 4, No. 2. (1985) 199-216 JS TOR. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. .Roy, Parama. Unaccommodated Women and the Poetics of Property in Jane Eyre. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Volume 29, No. 4. ordinal Century (Autumn 1989) 713-727. JSTOR. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. .Monahan, Melodie. Heading out Is Not Going Home Jane Eyre. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Volume 28, No. 4. Nineteenth Century (Autumn 1988) 589-608. JSTOR. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. .Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre Boston Bedford of St. Martins, (1996) Print.

Juvenile Crime Prevention in America Essay -- Juvenile Crime Essays

teenage virtue-breaking in the United States is ballooning out of master along with adult crimes, and politicians and law enforcement officials dont seem to be able to do anything about it. Despite tougher sentencing laws, longer probation terms, and all other efforts of lawmakers, the crime and recidivism rates in our country cant be reduced. The failure of these recent measures along with new research and studies by county juvenile delinquency programs register to the only real cure to the U.S.s crime problem prevention programs. The rising crime rates in the United States are of much invade to most of the U.S.s citizens, and seems to be gaining a sense of urgency. Crime ranks highest in nationwide polls as Americans biggest concern (Daltry 22). For good reason- twice as more people have been victims of crimes in the 1990s as in the 1970s (Betts 36). Four times as many people under the age of xviii were arrested for homicide with a handgun in 1993 than in 1983 (Schiraldi 11 A). These problems dont have a quick fix solution, or even an answer that everyone can learn on. A study by the Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy has found no deterrent effects of the Three Strikes and Youre Out law recently put into effect by politicians (Feinsilber 1A). It has been agreed however that there is not much hope of rehabilitating criminals once started on a life of crime. Criminologist David Kuzmeski sums up this feeling by saying, If society wants to protect itself from violent criminals, the best way it can do it is lock them up until they are over thirty old age of age.... I am not aware of any treatment that has been particularly successful. The problem with his plan is that our country simply doesnt have the jail space, or money to ... ... Tribune 8 February 1998 1B Feinsilber, Mike. Unrepentant Repeaters Stymie System Medford Mail Tribune. 28 February 1A Howell, James C., ed. Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious Violent and degen erative Juvenile OffWorks Cited Andrews, D.A, Phd. Principles for Effective Delinquency Prevention and Early enders. United States The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1995. Howell, James C. and Barry Krisberg. Serious Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. California Sage Publications, 1995. Juvenile Department, Jackson County. 1997 Report on Programs and Statistics. Salem Jackson County Juvenile Department. Ryan, Michael. Theyre Turning in Their Guns. Parade. 3 may 1998 10-11 Schiraldi, Vince. Exaggeration of Juvenile Crime Drives Stiffer Penalties. Medford Mail Tribune 16 January 1998 1A

Juvenile Crime Prevention in America Essay -- Juvenile Crime Essays

puerile crime in the United States is ballooning out of control along with adult crimes, and politicians and law enforcement officials tire outt seem to be able to do anything about it. Despite tougher sentencing laws, longer probation terms, and all other efforts of lawmakers, the crime and recidivism rates in our country canistert be reduced. The failure of these recent measures along with new research and studies by county juvenile delinquency programs point to the only real cure to the U.S.s crime problem prevention programs. The rising crime rates in the United States are of much worry to most of the U.S.s citizens, and seems to be gaining a sense of urgency. Crime ranks highest in nationwide polls as Americans biggest concern (Daltry 22). For good reason- twice as many people have been victims of crimes in the mid-nineties as in the 1970s (Betts 36). Four times as many people under the age of eighteen were arrested for homicide with a handgun in 1993 than in 1983 (Schiraldi 11A). These problems dont have a quick fix solution, or even an answer that everyone can agree on. A study by the agitate for an Effective Crime Policy has found no deterrent effects of the Three Strikes and Youre Out law recently put into effect by politicians (Feinsilber 1A). It has been agreed however that there is not much hope of rehabilitating criminals once started on a life of crime. Criminologist David Kuzmeski sums up this feeling by saying, If society wants to encourage itself from violent criminals, the best way it can do it is lock them up until they are over thirty years of age.... I am not mindful of any treatment that has been particularly successful. The problem with his plan is that our country simply doesnt have the jail space, or money to ... ... Tribune 8 February 1998 1B Feinsilber, Mike. Unrepentant Repeaters immobilize System Medford chain mail Tribune. 28 February 1A Howell, James C., ed. Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious Vi olent and Chronic Juvenile OffWorks Cited Andrews, D.A, Phd. Principles for Effective crime Prevention and Early enders. United States The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1995. Howell, James C. and Barry Krisberg. Serious Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. California Sage Publications, 1995. Juvenile Department, Jackson County. 1997 Report on Programs and Statistics. Salem Jackson County Juvenile Department. Ryan, Michael. Theyre Turning in Their Guns. Parade. 3 May 1998 10-11 Schiraldi, Vince. Exaggeration of Juvenile Crime Drives Stiffer Penalties. Medford Mail Tribune 16 January 1998 1A

Strategies For The Incrasing Amount Of Ell Students Education Essay

States like the US and other positive states be characterized by immense demographic alterations something that has lead to high figure of English Language scholars. For case, surveies indicate the figure of English Language Learners ( ELLs ) learners in the US is increasing all twelvemonth. Of to worry is that, these pupils frequently perform dyspeptic in other topics something that has been attributed to their deficiency of growth in English Language. This calls for application of instructional schemes and constructs by teachers in teaching ELLs pupils. This paper highlights small instructional schemes and constructs that should be employed in ELLs schoolrooms.Instructional Schemes for ELL schoolroomSurveies indicate that states like the US and other developed states are sing immense demographic alterations ( Terrazas and Batalova, 2006 ) . This has accordingly increased the figure of English Language Learners ( ELL ) pupils. Surveies by Terrazas andA Batalova ( 2008 ) in dicate that the population of ELLs pupils in US schools is enormously increasing with their figure duplicating between mid-eighties and 2006. Terrazas and Batalova farther indicate that the overall figure of US pupils who are categorized as ELLs rose from 6.8 per centum to 10.3 per centum between 1996 and 2006.Surveies have besides indicated that ELLs pupils normally score ill in other topics. This fact has been attributed to their deficiency of proficiency in English lingual communication which makes it hard for them to understand learning stuffs for other topics ( Terrazas and Batalova, 2008 ) . so edifice lingual communication proficiency lead be of overriding significance in hiking overall public presentation among ELLs pupils.Teaching ELL pupils is an intricate cognitive process that requires slap-up defined schemes. then, this forget necessitate an teacher to integrate different constructs and schemes. This paper will seek to foreground some of the most critical sche mes and constructs that can be employed by teachers in advancing proficiency of English linguistic communication among ELLs pupils. The next are critical schemes that can be employed in heightening acquisition and proficiency of English linguistic communication among ELLs pupilsComprehensible inputThis possibleness was postulated by Krashen and puts accent on input that causes linguistic communication acquisition. This hypothesis states that for 2nd linguistic communication acquisition to happen, the acquirer essential have comprehendible input through hearing and reading linguistic communication structures that are above their present ability ( Krashen, 1985 ) .The input theory explains how the acquirer moves from his or her current degree ( represented by ( I ) of readiness to the immediate undermentioned degree ( represented by i+1 ) . The necessary status ( but non sufficient ) for an acquirer to travel from his current degree of competency to the following degree is based on understanding inputs that contains i+1 . Understanding means the acquirer is focused on the significance and non the signifier of the message ( Krashen, 1982 ) .Therefore harmonizing to the comprehendible hypothesis, it is critical for the acquirer non to have inputs that surpass his or her degree of competency. Hence for effectual English linguistic communication acquisition to contend topographical point, the acquirer must have comprehendible inputs that are disputing plenty so as to go his or her lingual proficiency. Therefore this hypothesis puts accent on the demand to busy the schoolroom with acquisition activities or undertakings as opposed to larning activities or grammatical constructions. This suggests that teachers can function their pupils better in English linguistic communication lessons among ELLs pupils by presenting respective(a) acquisition undertakings in schoolrooms ( Ellis, 1997 ) .This hypothesis besides postulates that the acquirer must non be forced to talk excessively early. It is required that sure measure of comprehendible input be built first before the acquirer is allowed to talk in schoolroom. Harmonizing to Krashen ( 1982 ) , most 2nd linguistic communication pupils will travel through a phase referred to as soundless period during which the scholars increasingly get and construct adequate comprehendible inputs that will be critical in assisting them create their ain constructions. Therefore linguistic communication acquisition totals when the acquirer feels ready ( after being exposed to enough i+1 comprehendible inputs ) ( Krashen, 1982 ) .Harmonizing to comprehendible input theory, when acquirers receive 2nd linguistic communication inputs that are one measure above their current competency, they are able to better and come on in a natural order . This can be made possible with the aid of extra-linguistic or context information. This means that the acquirers must utilize more than that their cognition , lingual competency, context about the universe in understanding linguistic communication that contains constructions that are beyond their present degree of competency ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) .Therefore the function of ELLs teachers is to warranty that pupils are provided plenty comprehendible inputs every bit much as possible. Harmonizing to this hypothesis, comprehendible inputs are characterized by the undermentioned elements elicit and relevant, comprehendible, sufficient ( i+1 ) and non grammatically sequenced ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) .On-going, specific, and immediate feed hindquartersOne of the instructional schemes that can be employed to guarantee English scholars become proficient in the linguistic communication is enhancing different or ever-changing feedbacks . This scheme requires instructors to analyze the content of their pupils response. Feedback can either be verbal or non-verbal and is a critical portion of showing comprehension of the stuffs presented to them either verbally or in a non-verbal mode ( McLaughlin, 1987 ) .Feedback will help the teachers in analysing if pupils have comprehended or if they are sing linguistic communication barriers. Therefore it is critical for English teachers to be in a interpose to separate between negative and positive feedbacks which occur when pupils misinterpret or fail to grok stuffs presented to them. Normally in a category of ELLs, pupils will give a negative feedback wherever they are sing linguistic communication barriers. Therefore the function that the teacher should play in this instance is to interrupt these barriers. The type of feedback will change depending on the degree of 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and developmental degree the pupils operate at ( Ellis, 1997 ) .Immediate feedback is one of the most efficient types of feedback which is provided instantly after put to deathing a uneven acquisition activity. This type of feedback is indispensable in cultivating communicating accomplishments and in constructing assurance between the immature scholars and the teacher. Young scholars need to be certain that what they are larning is rightfulness or wrong with no hold. This is because they do non posses plenty cognition to do their judgements sing their degrees of proficiency. When a scholar gives an reply that is wrong, the teacher has the duty of supplying a disciplinary feedback which will take to rectify and independent apprehension of stuffs. Therefore harmonizing to this scheme, immature scholars are more likely to be successful with word choice and vocabulary. Young scholars at an early production phase will profit from feedback that mould right linguistic communication acquisition. This means that these scholars will necessitate changing sum of listening and rectification to right formed linguistic communication ( Hill & A Flynn, 2006 ) .Ongoing feedback applies to older scholars who are in a place to measure their grade of proficiency in linguis tic communication. Besides harmonizing to Hill and Flynn ( 2006 ) , scholars who are at intermediate and advanced degrees of eloquence proficiency require specific feedback. This feedback tends to be similar to that of Native-English talkers. Students at this degree will necessitate greater exposure to sophisticated theoretical accounts of 2nd linguistic communication. They should besides be boost header with constructs that present some troubles to them. Besides harmonizing to this instructional scheme, more accent should be put on the content instead than the signifier of look at this degree. Synergistic lessons can assist in guaranting specific feedback by constructing ego assurance and besides heightening the degree of cognition ( Hill & A Flynn, 2006 ) .Grouping constructions and techniquesHarmonizing to McLaughlin ( 1987 ) , this regularity requires teachers for ELLs to set more accent on techniques of heightening interaction through implementing multitude constructions w hile presenting instructional schemes. The first grouping method that will guarantee ELLs pupils are motivated and efficaciously corroborate is to group them with their equals who are Native-English talkers. This will give the scholars a opportunity to detect the grade of linguistic communication proficiency they should take at and besides to hold a opportunity of constructing on their ain linguistic communication accomplishments.Another signifier of grouping harmonizing to Lessow-Hurley is making myopic groups of ELLs dwelling of three- five scholars. Lessow-Hurley provinces that, this will be indispensable in heightening communicating in a safe and relaxed environment in which pupils have no fright of taking hazards. Therefore making little groups helps in driving out nervous tenseness among scholars because each scholar in a group will be surrounded by fellow schoolmates with about the same degree of English linguistic communication proficiency. Furthermore, this grouping proce ss will be critical in assisting the teacher to run into diversified demands of a big schoolroom. Lessow-Hurley farther suggests that, when making these groups, teachers should take into history the differences between scholars. Therefore the teacher should take into consideration the undermentioned factors when making these groups personal features, degrees of cognition and abilities of the scholars. It is besides required that the undertakings assigned to each group by the teacher should be collective-oriented. Besides scholars should be made to experience that the success of the group will depend on their personal attempts. This will be critical in non merely developing linguistic communication accomplishments but besides in constructing their personal traits such as communicating accomplishments and duties ( Lessow-Hurley, 2003 ) .Building orbit and vocabularyHarmonizing to Ellis ( 1997 ) , this scheme requires that, in order to heighten better comprehension of the stuff throug h a supportive schoolroom environment, teachers should take into history scholars experience and background. Ellis farther suggest that, in order to get the better of background barriers, teachers should help the pupils in set uping witting connexions between linguistic communication stuffs presented to them and their ain experience. Harmonizing to McLaughlin ( 1987 ) , the best attack in set uping these connexions is by doing ocular ( composition chief thoughts on chalkboard ) or audio ( intoning and articulating sentences in a proper manner ) accent on cardinal constructs acquired. McLaughlin farther suggests that teachers should guarantee that vocabularies to be learnt are selected in a careful mode. Harmonizing to Ellis ( 1997 ) , the followers are some of the schemes that can be employed to heighten vocabulary development multiple exposures to spick-and-span(a)fangled words and chances to new words, knowing word choice and giving direct instructions in word significance an d schemes that will help in larning new words. Teachers should guarantee that these schemes are modeled in conformity to scholars demands. Teachers should besides guarantee that scholars are efficaciously exposed to a system of independently tracking new vocabulary ( Ellis 1997 ) .Student battleOne of the most indispensable schemes that are employed in learning ELL pupils is student battle. Student battle is critical in guaranting successful executing of assorted larning activities. Assorted researches have indicated that there is a correlativity between the public presentation of a scholar and his or her grade of battle in larning activities. Therefore this suggests that, when pupils are actively engaged in larning activities they are likely to accomplish more. Harmonizing to Echevarria et Al ( 2004 ) , the scheme to guarantee effectual engagement by scholars greatly depends on the teacher. This will therefore require instructors to efficaciously pull off schoolrooms in a mode tha t enhances active engagement.Hill and Flynn ( 2006 ) argue that, execution of prosecuting direction will dwell of concerted grouping, thematic direction, and undertaking based larning. They farther suggest that incorporation of hand-on and manipulative activities, stimulations and patterning into larning activities will be critical in heightening pupil engagement. In add-on to guaranting that larning stuffs are better understood, these techniques will play a critical function in actuating pupils into actively prosecuting in the acquisition procedure which will be indispensable in making proficiency in English.DecisionTherefore for states characterized by immense demographic alteration such the US and other developed states, Proper application of instructional schemes will be critical in guaranting that ELLs pupils get English linguistic communication proficiency. This will be critical in hiking their overall academic public presentation. Application of comprehendible input hypothes is as postulated by Krashen will guarantee that appropriate inputs are used in a mode that will take to high degrees of linguistic communication acquisition. The usage of grouping constructions and techniques will ease acquisition in a more efficient and collaborative manner. Teachers can besides better acquisition of English proficiency among ELLs pupil by heightening changing feedbacks. The scheme of edifice back land and vocabulary and pupil battle will be critical in interrupting barriers to linguistic communication acquisition and in guaranting that pupils actively take vox in the acquisition procedure.

Business Environment Hnd

groceryplaceing is a process used to satisfy and consider what fruits or services are needed by the consumers. on that point are many alternative definitions of mart much(prenominal) as the charted institution of trade Marketing is the manage manpowert process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. The Ameri privy Marketing Association believe that Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organization goals.Philip Kotlerinterprets that commercializeing is satisfying involve and wants through an exchange process the common interest in totally three definitions is fulfilling customer needs and providing benefits The nonaged business effort that I have chosen to discuss is called sensory tomentum today this is a professional hair salon that is situated in the heart of Kentish town for all over 30 years. bull today has a total of 20 employees, including hairstylists, hair washers and administration staff, including a cashier.The salon offers many services such as styling hair, men haircuts, colouring, perming. The marketing process consists of four elements Situation Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Marketing Mix Decisions and Implementation Control. Situation analysis is when through an analysis the company finds the customer needs but in order to do this the company must recognise its own potential and the environment in which it is managing.Situation analysis should look at all the factors of the company such as the past where the company is now and where it should be in future. This analysis provides problems thither are frameworks which help the situation analysis such as SWOT and PEST analysis. SWOT analysis refers to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and menaces facing a business The marketing dodging is to ensure the cigarette market is being pursued. The strategy consists of segmentation, targeting and positioning the harvest-feast within the target market.Marketing Mix Decisions at this stage detailed decisions are being made such as the development of the specific product, designing and producing the first pieces of the product and also pricing decisions Implementation and Control is the final stage of the marketing process the results of the marketing progress should be monitored when the market changes the market mixing freighter also change to adapt to the consumer needs as time goes on a new product can regular be produced although this is the last tage of the marketing process changes will always occur to satisfy different consumer needs Companies continue to exist by achieving their hanker-term goals. Market orientation helps to achieve the business goals and objectives a business which adopts market orientation thinks that its most important resource are its customers. The benefits of adopting market ori entation for Hair Today is that through market research the hair salon will have a strong understanding of the needs of the customer.Customer feedback is vital to the company companies incline to be too involved with the product that they forget about the general customer satisfaction for example hair salons have a wide intermixture of market reach and also a great deal of competition. The costs of adopting marketing orientation for Hair Today would be the high costs for the market research this the constant internal change as needs of the customers are met. Macro environment are the outside uncontrollable factors that may affect a managers decisions this can have an effect on the company the PESTEL model framework is used.Political factors such as government policies and the economy also new laws on small businesses Political factors can have a huge effect on many areas for business like education and the quality of health care. The hairdressing perseverance is having difficulti es recruiting although some government funding policy has helped it has a vacancy rate of 20% also the government increased the taxes for businesses this has had a huge effect. Economic factors influences marketing research such as interest rates also the changes in the stinting growth and exchange rates.All businesses go through an economical ups and downs in an economic boom all businesses will benefit although if can go down and businesses can lose out. currently hair treatment products are not considered a necessity to a greater extent of a luxury so this market is dependent on how strong the economy is. Cheap credit and interest rates benefited the hair industry in the past. tender factor refers to behaviour patterns and lifestyles. Changes in consumer behaviour can also have an effect on changes in fashion . Currently we have an ageing population. Social change gives companies a understanding for the future market situation. Hair Today will have to keep up with the a la mode (p) fashion and styles which may vary between ages. . Technological changes are the amount of new technology that is increasing electronic communications has made it easier to distribute information. Hair salons must keep up with the new trends and technology as this helps develop the company and make them more successful Employees will research the newest technologies in the market do some experiments use models try new haircuts if the experiments turn out to be a success it will apply to salon.Micro environment are factors which are internal this affects the business performance such as customers, competition, suppliers, public, employees and stakeholders. If a company decided to move to a public ownership they list their business in the stock market so the public can invest in the company although share holder relationships must be professionally managed to succeed long term goals. Identifying the stake holders Potential stakeholders at Hair Today Your boss Shareholders Governm ent Senior executives Alliance partners Trades associations Your co-workers Suppliers The press Your team Lenders Interest groups Customers Analysts The public future customers Future recruits The community Your family Some stake holders are more interested and involved than others to narrow down the people a power/interest power system is used. The grid shows that the people that have the high power and are more interested in my company these are the people who I will bind with and make great efforts to satisfy.Corporate culture determines how the employees and higher management interact these transactions occur over time. Hair Today has an employee friendly corporate culture it is shown by the companys dress code, flexible working shifts , employee benefits such as employee discounts the treatment of the clients and overall client satisfaction. Porters five forces was first introduced by Michael E. Porter of Harvard demarcation School in 1979 the five forces are a framework to help businesses determine the rivalry intensity and industry profitability of a market.The five forces consists of threat of mew entrants to a market, the power of buyer, the power of the suppliers, the threat of substitute(a) products and the competitive rivalry between already existing companies as shown in the diagram below. air division is the process where larger markets are broken down to smaller segments this will make it easier to understands the wants and needs of the customers the overall outcome would be creating a marketing mix that is suited or the customers in the target segment. The four main factors of segmentation are behavioural, demographic, psychographic and geographical.Geographical segmentation is segmented by country, city or neighbourhood. Age, family size, income, occupation, education, ethnicity and religion can all be segmented demographically. Lifestyle, interests refers psychographic segmentation. Behaviour segmentation refers to cu stomers buying behaviour, product mix also frequency of grease ones palms the best form of segmentation is utilize all four factors as they all are in truth helpful. Hair salons have a wide variety of customers to delineate therefore segmentation is very vital for this business to succeed in the future.The two products or services that Hair today will provide a bridal service to attract female customers where they will be pampered and receive a makeover the target market for this service is female aged 20-35 with a balanced income also the other product I will be proposing hair is extensions this will attract the teenage customers and women. The marketing strategy I have chosen for Hair Today is saturated strategy focussing mainly on only one segment this can be positive for the salon because the business will have more knowledge on the particular segment.Females aged 13-19 there are many teenagers in this area which the salon is situated this is due to the schools in the area. H air Today believe that the target segment will benefit from the service of hair extensions as this is a growing fashion although there can be a lot of competition which leads to Threat of intense segment rivalry. New salons may decide to open up this refers to the threat of new entrance also there are many products already provided in the market that teenagers can use themselves so the salon is not needed this is known as threat of substitute product.The threat of growing bargaining power of buyers is very important because the higher the charges the more likely the customers are to move to a cheaper salon. Buyer behaviour is attitudes of the customers and how very much they purchase. Buying behaviour involves the process in which a customer finds a product studies the product and makes an overall decision on whether the product meets the customers needs and wants.The main types of buyer behaviour are consumer and industry two types of buying behaviours are impulses purchases refer s to when a purchase is made with no plan this purchase is associated with items of lower prices. Extensive decision making these are products which are higher priced such as TV and cars when customers research as much as they can they may also ask family and friends for advice or read reviews this decision making takes up a lot of time because the customer is purchasing a product that is high priced Buyer behaviour stimulus response modelBuyer behaviour is essential because it makes you understand what your customer. Market research and producing surveys will help you find the customers needs and requirements. Social media sites are the most popular process in business marketing this allows customers to interact online and new products can get instant feedback. Many businesses introduce discounts to halt loyal and consistent customers. Companies determine how much customers spend the products which are being sold and judging on how often customers are spending helps introduce a pr icing policy for Hair Today.Hair extensions portray varied opinions some customers keep up with new trends and may want a different look tho other members of thecommunity might find it doesnt fit their customer needs. Hair today will start this positioning process by advertisement on the internet and offering hair treatment for all types of hair also free samples of exclusive hair products. The hair industry are eer striving to keep up their image and keep their product current a change in positioning can attract new target market. References Assael, H. , Reed, P. nd Patton, M. (1995) Marketing Principles and Strategy Harcourt-Brace, Sydney Business study guide edexcel marketing principles pp. 479-659 Habia (standard information solutions) Skills Foresight for the Hair and Beauty Sector 2007 http//www. habia. org/uploads/Skills_Foresight_2007_v. 4_-_2. 07. 07_Final. pd Lamb, W. , Hair, J. , McDaniel, C. (1998), Marketing, (4th), South-Western College Publishing, Cincinatti. Kotle r, P. , Armstrong, G. , Brown, L. , Chandler, S. A. (1998), Marketing, (4th), Prentice Hall, Sydney www. businessdictionary. com

Organizational Structure of a Housekeeping Essay

The housekeeping department of a lodging property typically accounts for the business largest labor expense.Executive directMost hotel housekeeping departments are led by an executive housekeeper. This employee is typically a member of the executive team. In smaller properties, he reports directly to the public manager. In larger properties, he may report to the rooms division manager. The executive housekeeper is responsible for managing housekeeping personnel, planning budgets, identifying cleaning needs, buying supplies and coordinating with different departments to ensure excellent guest service. Some properties also pass on an assistant executive housekeeper.The executive housekeeper is a manager who must sometimes be alert to scrub toilets.SECTIONSGuestroom Cleaning The major responsibility of a hotel housekeeping staff is cleaning guestrooms in an efficient manner to prepare rooms for guests checking into the property. Guestroom attendants are typically expected to clean a room in 20 to 30 minutes, depending on the size of the room. Others in this department include house attendants who pick up linen bags and refill housekeeping carts and inspectors who inspect each room after it is cleaned to ensure it meets the propertys quality standards.Guestroom attendants ensure that every guestroom is spotless.Public empyrean Cleaning The housekeeping department is also responsible for the public areas of the hotel, both front-of-the-house and back-of-the house areas. They may also be responsible for cleaning dining room areas after they have closed, though food and beverage staff are usually responsible for the cleaning during the day. Public space cleaners make up the majority of this part of the housekeeping department.Public space cleaners are responsible for lobbies, offices, corridors and other non-guestroom areas of the propertyLaundryProperties that have in-house laundry services have a laundry manager who answers directly to the executive housekeep er. The laundry manager manages the work flow of the laundry and the laundry employees. Laundry employees include laundry attendants who travel the washers, dryers, presses and folders, and linen runners who fetch linen and put it away as it is completed. Some laundry departments also hire a seamstress to repair linens or repurpose alter linens to other uses (such as making washcloths or cleaning cloths out of towels or food service aprons out of bedsheets).The laundry department processes all of the hotels linens.http//www.ehow.com/facts_7517164_organizational-structure-housekeeping-department.html

Is the Expansion of Tesco’s going to affect the local businesses?

I pee chosen to study the involution of Tescos for a number of diametric reasons. The main reason is that I think that the blowup is passing game to completely change Clevedon, as it tourist town. It does not guide a super blood in it. I think that a lot of small caperes/ snoops ar outlet to suffer if Tescos sets the go ahead.I as well as think that in that respect atomic number 18 button to be a number of side take ups if the development happens. E.g. environmental issues.These are the main reasons why I perk up chosen to study the expansion of Tescos.MethodologyIn my investigation I plan to do a number of things. I am readying to go round the shops in Clevedon and take them what they think of the expansion of Tescos. I am difference to ask them all the same questions as to make it a fair investigation. I am personnel casualty to ask1) Do you think the expansion of Tescos is going to affect your business directly? Please explain your answer2) Do you think there forget be any side affects of the expansion of Tescos? These could be positive of negative. Please explain your answer.3) Do you think that other businesses are going to be alter by the expansion of Tescos? Please state what type of businesses you think are going to suffer.I am going to go to a number of several(predicate) shops asking them what they think. I am also going to interview Morrisons and Lidl, as these are the other two big descents in Clevedon.Along with all the shops in Clevedon I am going to be fair and give Tescos their befall to put their points across. I am going to interview and hopefully get the plans of the expansion of Tescos.I am also going to be getting tuition off the Internet nigh the expansion of Tescos. I am going to encounter old newspaper articles about the expansion and sum them up then put them into my results section.I think I am going to try and get states opinion about the expansion of Tesco, but when I went down to Tescos to do random su rveys no matchless was pull up stakesing to do them. So I asked truthful yes or no questions and I got some results. My two questions where.1) Do you want Tescos should expand?2) Do you think the expansion is going to affect the small business and shops in Clevedon?ResultsThe first thing I am going to do is I am going to get as much information about the expansion of Tescos as I can. This was the original article that was published in the North Somerset Times on the 01 March 2007.Tescos proposal to demolish its Clevedon store and replace it with wholeness twice as large has finally been registered with planners.The Mercury exclusively revealed in November that Britains biggest retailer had paid 1.3 gazillion for land following(a) to its actual store.The supermarket giant intends to build the new store on the site of the current one, and also the premises occupied by Labcaire and the Bradshaw Group.Town residents, small businesses and other elicit groups can now stimulant on the application after plans were formally registered with North Somerset Council last Thursday.They will be discussed by Clevedon Town Council ulterior in March before going to North Somerset Council for a final decision.Tesco plans to keep the Kenn Road store open while the new one is being built and then demolish it for more parking spaces.It says the new store will engender about 150 extra full- and part-time jobs, injecting, it claims, 1.5 million per year into the topical anaesthetic economy.Current jobs would be safeguarded by keeping the old store open during the construction phase.The petrol station will also be moved on to the Bradshaw site.The new store would have a sales area of 60,148sq ft, compared to the current 27,286, and would provide 602 parking spaces.Tesco says the glass-fronted store would be built from sustainable materials, which are years ahead of what is required under building regulations.The part of the store which would face Southern Way would be two taradiddles high, the second storey containing a cafe and staff areas.In November Tesco spokesman Felix Gummer said the store, which would be branded as Tesco Extra, would sell a wider range of goods.After reading up on the problem at hand I went to the local anesthetic businesses and small shops to see what they think. I asked them all the same 3 questions, which I wrote in my methodology.The first shop I went to interview was WH Smiths. Smiths were very neat to give me lots of information about their view on the expansion on Tescos. Their answers to my questions are as follows.1) I think that the expansion of Tescos is going to greatly affect our business. Our Clevedon Branch is one of the smallest Branches of WH Smiths around. This shop isnt big enough to cope with the demands of Clevedon as it is. We think that if the expansion of Tescos does go ahead then we are going to loose a lot of business. I think this, as the new Tescos is going to phone line all the products that we stock. cocksure as they are a national store it is cheaper for them to produce the products that we stock. So we are going to be under cut. So I am evenhandedly sure that if the expansion does go ahead we are not going to be here much longer.2) I think that the expansion is going to bring more people to Clevedon, but they will not come into the midriff of Clevedon, they will use Tescos then go. If it was Morrisons expanding then I think that it would be completely different. All the shops around the centre will benefit but as it is Tescos I think that a lot of shops are going to suffer.I also think that as more people are going to culmination to Clevedon then there is going to be a lot more cars climax to Clevedon. Causing more noise and air pollutions.3) I think that a lot of small business/shops are going to be affected as Tescos are going to stock a much wider verity of products. Products that the shops in the centre stock. So people are going to go to Tescos as it is going t o be cheaper for them to buy from Tescos.I then moved round and went to New Look. New Look didnt seem to want to give as much information as WH Smiths but I got their opinion.1) Our store does not find out menaceened by the expansion of Tesco. If anything we think it is going to benefit our business. We do not feel terrorened as we are offering a different product. We offer our customers fashionable clothes. Tescos will not get the designers that we have, so we offer different types of clothes. We do not know if Tesco is even going to sell clothes.2) As said supra we think it is going to bring in more customers to our store.3) No commentI then went to Woolworths store they would not let me speak to the manager but I talked to one of the members of staff and got their opinion.1) I think that the expansion of Tescos is going to affect our store, but I am not sure if it is going to be in a good way or a heavy(a) way. I think that it is either going to take our customers away from us, or it is going to bring in more people from surrounding towns and this may growth our sales.2) I do however believe that there are going to be a lot of side affects. The biggest being pollution, with all the extra cars coming in to shop at Tescos plus the noise pollution, the pollution all the machinery will have to use to build the store. Also the local residents are going to be affected, me being one of them my garden backs onto the site, I think my personal area is going to be ruined.3) I think that certain businesses are going to benefit and certain businesses are going to suffer. I think the well established, well known businesses will be fine but the small self owned ones will not.I then went and saw a friend who works at Aarons Pets. I managed to talk to the manager of this Branch. He was very keen to give me his ideas about he expansion.1) I dont think that we are going to be massively affected. I think that in certain areas we will b like with the animal toys, and cer tain typed of food, i.e. dog and cat food. But we offer a different product to the massive super store. We offer pets and the products that the animals need. (He said need with a lot of emphasis)2) I do think that a lot of people are going to be affected by the expansion in different ways. I think that people are going to be kept awake at night by the constant traffic operate into and away from the store. Also the delivery lorries come in all through the day and night. Pollution is going to be a problem. As I am manager of a pet store I am very concerned about the animals around the area. There is area or woodland next to the roundabout that will be home to all sorts of creatures that will hunt at night, so there will be a bigger chance of them being run over.3) I think that all the businesses in Clevedon are going to either suffer or benefit from the expansion. Due to Tescos bringing in more customers or taking the customers to them.I then went to interview the bakeries. I am goin g to sum up what the 3 bakeries said and put them into one as they all said the same thing.1) They all said more or less the same thing, we think that we are going to loose a lot of customers all our younger and middle aged customers will properly choose Tescos as they will be cheaper. But the older generation are properly going to use us, as they have been using us all their life. Plus the loyal customers that come in to get the bread or tea, they will keep coming to us2) They all said that the expansion of Tescos is going to cause a lot of pollution and noise around the Kenn track area, but it wont so much affect the centre of Clevedon.3) They all said the same thing for this question that it will keep all the bakeries on their feet and keep their standards high.I then went on to interview more shops around the centre of Clevedon and on hill road. They all came out with the same points as above so I have decided to not to include the interviews.I am however going to include infor mation that I found from Morrisons. zip was available to comment on behalf of Morrisons but I found an article on the Internet that sums up their views.Morrisons has warned the future of its Clevedon store would be under threat if Tesco is given the go-ahead to expand.The retailer says if Tesco is allowed to more than double the size of its Kenn Road store, it would hit the vitality of Clevedon town centre.It has written to North Somerset Council planners strongly objecting to Tescos proposals.Its planning agent, Peacock and Smith, said there was no need for further supermarket expansion in Clevedon.It said The Morrisons store is the largest retail facility in the town centre and anchors the centre.It generates a significant number of linked shopping trips with other shops and services in the town.Our client has confirmed that its long-term viability may be under threat if the proposed development were to be approved.Should closure of the store ultimately occur, this would also hav e major implications for the health of Clevedon town centre.Accordingly, we consider that, in accordance with national and local retail policy to foster the health of town centres, this application should be refused.It adds there is spare capacity at its Clevedon store and it is undertrading. Turnover is 10.6 million per year, whereas it would tarry it to be 15 million for a store of that size.This is the information I have gained from shops, it is both primary, the interviews on the shops, and secondary, the articles I have got off the Internet.I am now going to see what customers at Tesco and Morrisons think of the expansion. I found this very difficult and no one seemed willing to give me explanations so I had to except one word yes or no answers. I asked 50 random people the two questions and got closed answers (yes no).1) Do you want Tescos should expand?2) Do you think the expansion is going to affect the small business and shops in Clevedon? PositiveNegativeWont affect itEva luationFrom all the evidence I have gathered from both primary and secondary sources, I have found out that most people think that the expansion of Tescos is going to affect local businesses. However people think that the affects it is going to have could be negative or positive. A lot more people believe that it is going to have negative affects on the local businesses. 72% of 50 people I randomly selected from Morrisons and Tesco believe that the affects are going to be negative. This is a vast absolute majority of my random selection.However 20% of people I surveyed believed that the affects are going to positive. By brining in more people to the area, thus bringing more people to the shops.The shop owners came across differently. They all believed that there are going to affects on the economy. The only shops that feel that they are going to be affected are the shops that stock the same products as what Tesco do. The shops that stock specialist items like New Look, dont feel th reatened at all. As they have their own designers so they dont think they will be negatively affected. They think that the new Tesco will bring in more people to Clevedon so more people will visit the shops.Everyone obscure from a few people think that in some way the expansion of Tescos will affect the local businesses. This answers my question is the Expansion of Tescos going to affect the local businesses? From all my research the answer to the question is yes the businesses are going to be affected but it may be for the better or the worse.If I were to do this task I would do a couple of things differently. In my questions that I asked the shops I would make question 3 Do you think there will be any side affects of the expansion of Tescos? These could be positive of negative. Please explain your answer. I would make this question more specific or I would get rid of it. Yes I got a lot of information off this question but the information was not relevant to my question so it was a waste of time.I would also ask a lot more random questions, as I think that this is the best way to find out what people think.I believe I have answered my question and have got a lot of evidence to back up my point.

Case Study Nivea

Case Study 8 NIVEA NIVEA, one of the largest skin and face care filths in the world, was established in 1912 and introduced to the German food market places. Germany has long been a center for skin care and cosmetics, and NIVEA was the leader and has continued to be one of the most recognized ingatherings in the market. With its brand hear based on its increases being clean, fresh, and natural it has become a timeless product recognized by its blue tin and white type face.Its premiere introduced NIVEA Creme in 1912, and became the base of their brand and was known as the caretaker of skin. For most of the lifespan of NIVEA Creme it was essentially the sole challenger in the face cream market, and so the consumers were able to get to know the brand and develop a close relationship to the brand. It did not face competition until 1960 when another German company launched Creme 21. Although it was an identical product to NIVEAs Creme, Creme 21 was backed by a large amount of ad vertising aimed at the mass market.It is through this competition that NIVEA was forced to evaluate their business organisation strategy and brand image. While they were happy that their brand image was recognized and understood by the market, they were shown how their brand had an older image and was not viewed as young, dynamic, and recent like the new competitors were. NIVEAs decades of branding and assimilation into the everyday lives of its consumers had built the equity for them that allowed them to maintain the market advantage for as long as they have.It is this brand equity they had built over so many decades that had allowed them to adjust their branding strategy. Though sales of NIVEA Creme had become stagnant, the company developed a strategy which was soprano and allowed for stabilizing the market position of NIVEA and expands the strength of NIVEA Creme by transferring its brand equity to other product classes. NIVEA sine qua noned to preserve their reputation for skin care and the market position for NIVEA Creme spot it was also contrastiveiating it from the competition.To do this they realized that while most ads showed NIVEA products being used, they had never directly specified the products benefits. By addressing these product benefits they are negating the competitors claims. The second portion of this plan was to introduce new products. They targeted new and growing market segments in which they could extend the NIVEA brand. They wanted to use these to compliment and lead the meaning of the NIVEA brand name and use the equity already gained by NIVEA Creme.This theme is carried through the brand hierarchy as well. A set of septenary different criteria was set to ensure that all products reflected the desired NIVEA brand image and were consistent with the philosophy of providing high quality skin care products. NIVEA Creme was considered the companys most important product because it established the brand and its identity. Sub-brands have the advantage of advertising the mother brand, establishing brand loyalty across multiple segments, and monopolize the market from competitors.The problem with sub-brands is that they ignore have a negative impact or take away from the sales of the mother brand. The role of the sub-brands was to continue to cater to particular skin care and personal care needs of their target market segments and contribute back their particular product class associations to reinforce and elaborate on the image of NIVEA as a skin care specialist. With this direction NIVEA should operate under an umbrella ad for all of their products.An umbrella brand essentially covers diverse products which are more or less related to each other, and with NIVEAs small advertising budget, this would be the best way to maximize their marketing efforts with different product categories all carrying the NIVEA brand name. The umbrella strategy also fits in with the NIVEA Creme advertising because with their valu es of timeless, ageless, motherhood and happy family honesty and trustworthiness and the product benefits of benevolence and quality they can transfer all of these core brand qualities through the NIVEA name to its sub-brands.The problem that NIVEA had was that all of their sub-brands were being handled as separate advertising plans, while they all were in line with the core values they did no thing to incorporate each of their branding strategies together. By using the umbrella branding strategy they can bring all of their products under one name and make a more cohesive branding strategy that will benefit all of their sub-categories.One thing that I believe is holding the NIVEA brand back is that they are so focused on not losing touch with the original product of NIVEA Creme, when really they want to hold onto the core values which came with it. I believe they need to look at the market strategy and implement the core values that were derived from this original product but also look at the market and see if they are still being successful. If not, then they need to re-evaluate NIVEA Cremes placement in the market and see whether or not it should be dropped or downgraded in their grand scheme market and advertising strategies.

Relationship between Private and Public Police Essay

In the beginning in front private protective cover it was the responsibility of the public law of nature to saved the society and property within their jurisdiction that public right enforcement served. In todays society public police force work put across and hand with private guarantor on a regular basis, either in public or in private functions. Also in todays society you see off duty cops working as a part-time security military officer at a local retailer or safeguarding assets for a company. Certain cities own giving Security officers within certain jurisdiction, such as Boston the power to make arrest do to the wishing of public officers availability.The major thing that has changed over time for both public and private security and public servants is the pedagogy they must go through before entering the streets or the property they are protecting. The training and education and public officer must get is very hard and they must pass the training and schooling to be hired within the department, it is more(prenominal) in depth compared to what a normal security officer must go through. Security officer now half to go through a lot more training then they use to they must be able to handle passel and deal with people on a daily basis. The training for a security officer has re aloney change over the years its not scarce getting a drug test and background check some security companies not do extensive training because of the public views the security. Companies welcome chosen to educate the security officer because of liability problems that apply occurred and exist in the workplace as a result companies have trained paid individuals to work within private security.Large security companies have realized how important security officers are for the public and how important it is to have trained security officer and increasing level of professionalism within the security officer force to establish better contracts to compete with public law en forcement officers. Normally public officers consume there pay from tax payers and are part of unions that back officers up. With that said most officer are not held accountable for their actions compared to an individual private securityofficer. On the other hand private security officer layab out also avoid more serious liability issues, such as law suit due to someone constitutional rights, and injuries that they may have cause by passing them off to the company they work for due to the companies policy.Over the late(a) years there has been major increases within the hiring of private security officer compared to using local public law officer. It is becoming a huge way to hire local private security to protect CEOs, political figures, and celebrity figures. They are now using private security companies to be personal surety which are subcontracted out to these individual in need of security. They important people have hired these personal security guards to protected them an d also there assets. The humiliated business have also started hiring private security officers to protected them and their assets You use to see Local law enforcement patrolling private property or parking piles but now you have private security taking over those roles. You also have private security such as shopping malls, casinos, and make up airports have hired private security officers to protected the business assets.This is not just happening with security guards you also have private investigators who have started interpreted over the local law enforcement role in investigating murders, rapes, and abductions. Due to not enough funding for public law enforcement, companies like Target have open up their own investigation center that investigate crimes with in there company without having local law enforcement do it for them. hole-and-corner(a) security companies can now investigate crimes side by side with the police department and also work longer on the case compared t o the police department because of funding. Private investigators have been known to build cases against criminals that will support the laws case or it can work the other way and the defendant can hire a private investigator to support their case to prove there innocent.The relationship between the public police and the private security are becoming more positive in a really good way. People are noticing that there is not enough public police officer to protected all of the community so tolet private security take over some of the roles it helps public police do jobs they may actual need to do. Companies have noticed that it is better to have extra eyes watching over there companies. Criminals will also noticed that private security officer and police officer are now working together and are not conflicting with each other and will it will prevent criminals from doing criminal behavior. The only down side for police is the concern that private security officer will take over for lo cal law enforcement and they will be pushed out which puts a negative impact on private security officer to a point where local police officers are upset because they have consecrate their lives to their training and sole propose of becoming a police officer.There is a conflict between public and private space, which in fact can influence the relationship between private security and public police. Police at any time can detain someone that is a bane to someone or can even question them after being apprehend. Private security on the other hand cannot employ any police powers and may only detain and arrest as a citizen. Also Public police must have probably cause to search someone, dapple private security is exempt from violation an individual 5th amendment rights.ReferenceLi, G. (2008). Private security and Public policing. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http//www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2008010/article/10730-eng.htm

Criteria for effective control

Briefly discuss the criteria for effectual authorisation. There are five criteria for effective moderate. In designing a sustain system, one must make sure that it measures what is primary(prenominal) now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past. Firstly, the systems must be related to organisational strategy. In designing a control system, one must make sure that it measures what is important now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past.Multinational corporations often find it useful to maintain a entralized, integrated system of controls consistent with the strategic orientation of the organization. For example, world-wide Motor maintains a number of units that are interdependent through separately of the sequential steps in the manufacturing process, therefore, General Motor must have control systems that ensure that production processes are not disrupted. Secondly, use all steps in the control process.To be effect ive, a control system must enforce all steps in the control process. Standards of performance must be set, measurements of actual performance taken, comparisons f standards with actual performance made, and when necessary, corrective action taken. For example, in our life, for a grade A in our management course, suppose we never bothered to check our posted grade on the midterm exam. In this case, our control system would be incomplete. Without knowing our midterm exam score, we would not compare our performance with our standard.Thirdly, be composed of objective and subjective measures. Effective control systems typically require managers to blend quantitative (objective) and qualitative (subjective) performance easures. For example, management may have set specific targets for productivity. This performance goal has a precise locution for measurement. In the same situation, management has also expressed a desire to achieve mettlesome levels of worker satisfaction. Forth, be tim ely in feedback reporting.Timeliness is the degree to which the control systems provides information when it is needed. The issue here is not how fast the feedback information is provided but whether it is provided quickly enough to permit a response to an unacceptable deviation. For example, the U. S. naval happening that occurred in early 2005 present the importance of timeliness itself. The crew of the nuclear submarine USS San Francisco violated the feedback timeliness requirement with near-catastrophic consequences.In short, the submarine smashed into an undersea mountain. A subsequent naval investigation reveal the crew should have checked the water depth more frequently, should not have been traveling at high speed, and failed to take into account a variety of danger signs, all of which contributed to the underwater accident. Last but not least, be cceptable to a diverse workforce. To be effective, organizational controls must be accepted by employees.The control system shou ld motivate workers to recognize standards and act to achieve them. For example, as a student in a management course. Suppose our professor has no problem assigning course grade B or lower but says that a grade of A can be achieved only by students who read a new chapter and five related Journal articles everyday and submit a 20-page, typewritten synopsis of these readings each day. Would we be discouraged from attempting to earn a grade

Nature of Morality Essay

Moral Issues in Business Chapter One The Nature of Morality Terminology What is ethics? The study of right and wrong find out between ethics and morality? Some people distinguish between the two. We will use them interchangeably. What is course ethics? The study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a bank line context. Non-Moral Standards Characteristics of moral standards Concern behavior that is of serious consequence to human welfare Take priority all over other standards, including self-interest Their soundness depends on the adequacy of the reasons that support or justify them. Moral Standards vs. Etiquette Rules for socially acceptable behavior are non moral standards Dont eat with your mouth full. presuppose please and thank you. Moral Standards vs. Law An action can be moral but not legal. An action can be legal but not moral. Moral Standards vs. Professional Codes of Ethics Rules that prescribe the conduct of members of a given profession. Sources Of Moral Standards Societal norms-Ethical Relativism The right thing to do is what ones finishing says is right.This keeps culture stagnant no moral growth It leaves no basis for one culture to pass judgment on anothers actions Ones culture is hard to localise in the modern world. Role of religionpositive and negative Nearly every religion has a version of the Golden Rule Most theologians disagree with divine command theory. That theory says that something is right or wrong because God says so. Instead, God commands what is right and forbids what is wrong. Saying that something is right because God says so is not ingratiatory to the atheist.There are differences of opinion about what God commands. The Context of Business Ethics Business as a game Soccer and pizza party example Business values in tenseness with personal values What is my responsibility as an employee? As a person? Social pressures can hazard it hard to stick with our moral rules. C orporations can bring pressure to bear against our personal values. Organizational residenceherd instinctradical norms Being a member of a team can consider that people relinquish some of their personal freedom in order to further organization goals. mental studies show that people will change their answers to questions to agree with the majority. Groupthink group members may make up the illusion that the group is invulnerable or that because the group is good or right, whatever it does is permissible. Diffusion of Responsibility Im just doing my job. If I dont do it, someone else will. Its someone elses responsibility. (The Kitty Genovese story) How do Moral Principles Help Us? The Limits of Conscience Conscience often reflects principles that have not been critically examined.Terrible crimes have occasionally been committed in the name of conscience. Moral Principles and egoism Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so we can all live together in troupe Having a moral principle involves having a desire to follow the principle for its own sake riddle of Selfishness People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have slight happy and less satisfying lives than those whose desires extend beyond themselves.

Corporate Ethical Responsibility Essay

CARSI Inc. has long since served the barter world since 1922 where it runner introduced products and services that are economically acceptable to large-scale marts as well as slender work ventures all over the world. These high-tech products include industrial machineries and large-scale shipping vessels that provide disdain transactions and trading. But the dawn of the Prohibition during the 1930s forced CARSI Inc. into revising its collective strategy. While surviving and importanttaining industrial and trading quality from the 1930s up to the present, CARSI Inc. has also opened new avenues of business ventures and counseling opportunities that gave deepen to the CARSI Management and Training Division (CARSI-MTD).Founded in the 1990s, CARSI-MTD is an outsourcing partnership that not only provides world-class training programs and strategies solely also provides multitude of careers opportunities to the young, aspiring individuals as well as professionals alike. Its main goal is to provide a wide range of training and discipline programs that will enable more perspectives in business management, kind-hearted election practices, career development, and corporate business responsibility.As such, CARSI-MTD has upraised top-caliber CEOs, executives, top-management officers, and leading theorists in the business practice by means of an extensive learning program that centers on intellectual development and practical application. CARSI Inc. and CARSI-MTD as of 1999, became a genus Phallus of the prestigious Fortune-500 group of companies with a total net worth of over $5-billion. Also, CARSI Inc. has provided financial assistance as well as business development in third-world countries by providing a pioneering effort of encouraging meek businesses as a means of livelihood and societal development. To date, CARSI-MTD maintains high-standards, quality, and value over employees which are the essential of corporate success.VisionTo be a corporate-resp onsible connection that provide business career opportunities, investments, career growth, and quality management practices for aspiring professionals roughly the world.MissionTo introduce to the business world a new perspective of business practices with complaisant awareness, ethical business practices, theoretical business development, and personnel growth and satisfaction. To bring nearly change in labor-oriented companies through and through proper compensation, security, and benefits.Products and ServicesCARSI-MTD offers a wide range of products and services, specifically knowing by CARSI Inc. to meet the standards of a globally-competitive market. These products includeCARSI-MTD Learning Institute a company investment which hike applies management, human resource careers into further study and forming theoretical frameworks that can be applied in real-world cases or situations, specifically on labor, personnel management, and human resources.Training Materials/Program s in line with its Vision-Mission statement, the company also provides donnish articles made by certified professionals that serve the benefit of schools, colleges, and universities that specialize on management courses.Practical performance Procedure (PRACP) a unique development of CARSI-MTD which aims to apply methods of learning to practical methods in developing countries that change economic problems, help cultivate Foreign Direct Investments and, maximizing country growth output.Cultural responsiblenessThe companys moral responsibility lies firstly on the companys purpose. The company aims to produce good business practices by maintaining high-standards of quality that ensures a sound and ethically acceptable ethical demeanor in companies. By enforcing quality, principle, idealism, and perfection into the standards set by the company, it presents an alternate and relative effect on businesses and corporations around the world. Second, the company aims to maximize profit of its stakeholders, without compromising personal, social, or cultural issues.Guiding PrinciplesOrganizations must recognize the rights and worry of various stakeholders not only stockholders and employees however also outsiders affected by the companys actions (Sims 2003, p.40). This is the main ethical principle for the company as it aims to not only protect shareholder and stockholder interests but also to take into consideration the companys actions. The company assures job satisfaction among its employees, an ample sum of money of investment for stockholders, ensuring proper adherence to legislations and laws through different international governments, proper benefits for union members, fair competition, and being a responsible citizen in a communal aspect as well as poignant a change on the quality of life. The following are the main points of social responsibility of CARSI-MTD Shareholders An dynamical participation on the distribution of profit, right to elect boar d of directors, transfer of stock, inspection of company books,etc. Employees sparing and psychological satisfaction with employment. Protection from political or physical imputations of company officers. Fringe benefits. Right to the constitution of a union and forming Collective Bargaining Agreements. Conducive working environment and conditions. Customers Quality services through high standards (e.g. product knowledge, assurance). Reliable warranties. Extensive Research and Development Program. Unions Recognizing as a legitimate negociate agent of between employees and the employer. Competition Recognizing the normative functions of a healthy, competitive business environment as driven by the industry and organization. Governments Proper adherence to taxes, public policies (fair and free trade) and the labor code. Society Act as company that contributes to social administration a well as healthy environment in small communities, provision of unbiased employment, cultural and financial initiatives, charities etc. (Sims 2003, p.41).In the internal aspect, the company is guided by the following professional ethicsAccountingThe company considers a strict compliance to company overtop and policy to avoid creative accounting and misleading financial predictions and analyses, manipulation of company resources, black market trading, excess executive compensation, bribery, etc.Human ResourcesAs a company aimed to provide opportunities to all, the Human Resource practice of the company strictly follows an anti-discrimination policy as well as adhering to local and international business laws with regard to age, gender, race, religion, among others. Also, the company maintains a healthy working environment by providing suitable working conditions. In addition, the company provides heavy penalties for office politicking, blackmailing and invasions of privacy. As such, company policies also state an assurance on occupational safety and health, transparency, and in dividual freedom.Sales and MarketingMarketing policy of the company is determined to reduce value fixing, discrimination and skimming through a more social and moral introduction to different alternatives and methods. Also, the company blatantly refuses advertisements and marketing strategies that manipulate the nature of sex, provide subliminal messages or exposing children, sexual orientation in its corporate strategies.Principles for ConsiderationCorporate Social Responsibility is the main guiding ideology in the formation of a Code of Ethics. CSR requires the continuing commitment by business to behaving ethically and contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce, their families, as well as community and society at large (Sims 2003, p. 43). What CSR provides is a corporate ideology of the company as it aims to form the an ideology that is aimed at social and economical development rather than a pure capitalist view. Through a social i nitiative, the company has a purpose to exist morally and ethically as it aims to support social causes and awareness through fundraising and volunteerism, among others. However, the problem lies when CSR is taken for granted when it is the companys duty to be socially aware and responsible.

Market research 4Ps Essay

In todays multi-faceted crinkle environment, it is gener exclusivelyy agreed that a strong customer-driven securities industrying strategy can give whizz an edge over his competition. Designing it, however, did not prove to be so straightforward. It is therefore this reflection writings aim to ponder over the various aspects that I have found intriguing and gather insights from them. Firstly is the market Mix aspect, specific in ally the 4 Ps framework Product, price, Placing & Promotion. The 4 Ps is one of the best known frameworks for a marting plan, of which the aim is ultimately to fulfil a basic merchandiseing purpose Putting the exponenty product in the right place, at the right price, and at the right time.Getting all aspects of this framework is of paramount importance. Miscalculating one could result in calamitous consequences, for example you could be promoting a revolutionary diet plan in a country stimulate by famine or publishing a textbook after school ter m has started. In the process of brainstorming for a product, some innovative ideas were eliminated due to the fact that they were deemed unsuitable for the Singapore market. 1 such example is the ostrich pillow1, a nifty headgear for people to catch a well-to-do nap anytime, anywhere. Due to its odd shape and Singapores conservative culture, we decided that the market might not open up to the idea.The Product itself was good, merely the Promotional strategy would encounter difficulties. One of the different teams did their project on space-saving furniture. The end result was that one convertible table/couch would cost upwards of $2000. This is a potential mismatch between Product and Pricing strategies, as the average consumer who could afford such prices would unlikely be living in a house that requires space-saving technology. The Pricing aspect by itself similarly proved to be extremely interesting, as everyones project seemed to unanimously adopt a value-based price str ategy. So then, what of cost-based determine? Is it not an effective strategy? With this in mind, I began my research to find appear more astir(predicate) it.The classic example cited in this debate is that of Steve Jobs vs Sam Walton, two of the undischargedest business leaders in history. An interview conducted by Fortune Magazine2 best highlighted the difference between these two extraordinaire(postnominal) men and their methods. It is noted that Steve Jobs epitomized value-based pricing by focusing mainly on the productinstead of margins. He said, If you keep your eye on the profit, youre going to skimp on the product. But if you focus on making really great products, then the profits will follow. Sam Walton, on the other hand, reinforced Walmart around the concept of low margins and high volume, i.e. cost-based pricing. If the margins got above anything that was infinitesimal, he would get angry.Both have create extremely successful companies using entirely different pri cing strategies. So why does a value-based pricing strategy seem so much more popular than a cost-based one? Perhaps it all boils down to prestige. Being the boss of a premium brand certainly holds more distinction than say, opening a dollar store.Or perhaps the road to building a company large exuberant for cost-based pricing to be effective is an arduous task that faces more obstacles in the form of animate diligence giants. In any topic, it is deserving noting that cost-based pricing is in no way obsolete, only if simply overshadowed by the recent successes of premium brands3. Another strategy that the class unanimously adopted is Promotional strategy, specifically in social media terms. Facebook appeared to be the prime choice of social media strategy for everyone, and rightly so.A survey conducted in 2011 showed that Singaporeans are the global leaders for the longest time spent on Facebook, clocking 38mins 46secs per session, castting us ahead of countries like US, UK, and Australia . Add that in to the capital limitations of start-up companies, Facebook becomes the logical choice for our promotional channels. A case study on dissipates4 wildly popular Facebook merchandise campaign gave us further witness that this was the right way to go . As for the Placing aspect, the dilemma existed whereby in order to position ourselves as a high street fashion brand, a retail store had to be open at a prime location such as Ion. The rental for such locations, however, would strain our budget even further.To dictate it in perspective, the rental cost for an Ion level 1 space is $29 per square feet whereas the rental costs for Ang Mo Kio Hub is a mere $19 per square feet. That adds up to almost $40k difference per year for a store of 330 square feet, which is an extremely large sum for a start-up company. We eventually decided that it was worth the risk, but had to make careful budget adjustments to manage our finances. Next issue of interest is the impor tance of an action plan. wherefore is an action plan so important? Without an action plan, all we have is a broad strategical plan. Think of itlike making a resolution for a new year you may verbalize that you plan on losing weight, however you do not add in specific details as to how you are going to do it .A concrete action plan ensures that one stays cerebrate and has a clear idea of what to do and when to do it by. The group that did the project Fitting Reality had an splendid action plan which was both detailed and tailored to account for contingencies. That way, should anything go wrong, there would still be plans to fall back onto instead of the whole project being thrown into disarray. Another particularly noteworthy issue is that seemingly all groups focused on customer acquisition, but few bothered to put effort into customer retention. This is puzzling for one main reason It is a widely held belief that getting a new customer costs on average 5 times more than re taining an existing one.It is therefore wise to invest equally in customer retention alongside customer acquisition, or else it would be tantamount to taking one step forward and two steps back. Some recommended strategies of customer retention include loyalty discounts and membership privileges, as well as constant updates and active escort with the customers . An area that I found intriguing was the fact that no other groups seemed to conduct a market survey in their selling plans. To me, a market survey is extremely useful as it helps gauge the future demand of the product. A poor response would allow to us to pull the plug on the project before anything concrete is launched, thereby cutting our potential losses massively.Furthermore, based on the results of our market survey, we were able to effectively segment our consumers as it showed distinctly which group of customers were most interested in our product. Of course, a counter argument could be made that a well-crafted mar keting strategy would amp up the stopple over the product and turn initial consumer skepticism into enthusiasm. Both arguments are certainly valid, but it seems that market surveys are still very much recommended as an important requirement for initiating any successful business . One of the difficulties encountered by our group in the process of designing our marketing plan is the aspect of controls. We all know the importance of controls.It monitors the progress of our plan and makes adjustments when it deviates off course. So how then do we determine the gravestone performance indicators (KPI) and at what level do we set it? Should we operate on the economists interpretation of bottom-line or the accountantsdefinition? These were all daunting questions that had to be answered. Ultimately, we chose to follow sales projections quoted in our financial plan as the main control. In hindsight, we could have adopted a market donation analysis instead as sales figures may not give a wholly dead-on(prenominal) representation.For example, if the footwear market faces a sharp downturn, we could be facing lower than expected sales figures but still capturing a large market share vis--vis our competitors. A qualitative control method in the form of customer attitude tracking can also reveal to us what customers feel about our organisation, products and services, thus allowing us to make pre-emptive changes and preserve the brand reputation . The final topic of interest once again lies with the marketing mix, but this time with respect to B2B commerce. Two of the groups came up with products that were targeted solely at businesses and within their marketing plan included the conventional 4 Ps.The 4 Ps has been a great framework that has served marketers well for over half a century. But the nature and evolution of B2B commerce as compared to B2C means that it might be time to rethink and reassess the framework for todays B2B reality. harmonise to a comprehensive st udy done by Harvard Business Review , the conventional 4 Ps model has been found to undercut B2B marketers in 3 major ways 1 It leads the marketing team to stress product technology and quality even though these are no yearlong differentiators but simply the cost of entry. 2 It underemphasizes the need to build a robust case for their products top-flight value. 3 It distracts companies from leveraging on their competitive advantages as a trusted source of expertise. Of course, it is also worth noting that this in no way renders the 4 Ps obsolete.Rather, they just require some tweaking to amend suit the B2B industry, such as Motorolas deliver framework moving the emphasis from Product to Solution, Placing to Access, Pricing to Value, and Promotion to Education . As the study so aptly cites, B2B marketers who continue to embrace the 4 Ps mind-set risk getting locked into a repetitive and increasingly unproductive technological arm race. And indeed, as trends change and industr y evolves, so too must marketers and our strategies.BibliographyAsiaOne. (2011, September 27). AsiaOne intelligence activity. Retrieved April 17, 2013, fromScience and Tech http//www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Science%2Band%2BTech/Story/A1Story20110927-301776.html Ettenson, R., Conrado, E., & Knowles, J. (2013, January). Rethinking the 4 Ps. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from Harvard Business Review http//hbr.org/2013/01/rethinking-the-4-ps/ar/1 FAO, UN. (2012, Feburary 5).FAO somatic Document Repository. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Marketing Strategy, Planning and Control http//www.fao.org/docrep/004/w3240e/W3240E03.htm Gandhi, R. (2012, July 2). Pitney Bowes. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Keeping Your Customers with Email Marketing http//www.pbsmartessentials.com/customer-satisfaction/keeping-your-customers-with-email-marketing/ Mind Tools Ltd. (2011, Dec 12).The Marketing Mix and 4 Ps. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from Mind Tools Website http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/n ewSTR_94.htm Senic, N. (2013, Feburary 2). EFFECTIVE CONTENT STRATEGY GUIDED BY THE SAVE FRAMEWORK. Retrieved April 18, 2013, from Zemanta http//www.zemanta.com/blog/content-strategy-guided-save-framework/ Serwer, A. (2012, December 3). Steve Jobs vs. Sam Walton Tale of the Tape.Fortune, pp. 59-64. Tan, R. (2012, October 9). Flamingo Singapore. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Facebook marketing A case study on Scoot http//flamingosingapore.com/2012/10/09/facebook-marketing-a-case-study-on-scoot/ UNESCO. (2011, March 10). UNESCO Bangkok. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from e-library publications http//www2.unescobkk.org/elib/publications/clcneo/06market.pdf Woodward, R. (2011, October 1). Bright Hub PM. Retrieved April 17, 2013, from Project Planning http//www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/102438-why-are-action-plans-important-in-business/Appendix A1.1 Ostrich Pillow

EasyJet Airline Company Limited Essay

EasyJet Airline Comp whatever Limited ( easilyJet) is a hapless-fare airline go with based at London Luton Airport. easyJet is one of Europes plumpingst low-fare airlines and operates domestic and international scheduled serves. easyJet move on 307 different r go forthes to 80 different European cities. easyJet has a Type A Operating evidence from the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority allowing it to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats. (Wikipedia, 2007)EasyJets business model and communion plan mimics that of the Ameri f disdainpot based sou-west Airlines which has back up easyJets growth over the last ten years. asyJet was founded by Stelios Haji-loannou on October 18, 1995 and began operating on November 10, 1995 with two Boeing737-200 aircraft leased from the Independent Aviation Group Limited. In the beginning easyJet plainly flew from London Luton Airport to Glasgow and Edinburgh. In 1998, easyJet purchased a 40% stake in TEA Swi tzerland. By 1999, easyJet had over three million passengers and was traded on the London Stock Exchange in October 2000. In 2002, easyJet acquired Go Fly, a London based airline, and in December 2003 easyJet opened a new hub in Berlin, Germany at Schonefeld Airport.In May 2004 easyJet increased its service from two routes to eleven routes. In 2004, FL Group began purchasing stock in easyJet and a rumor of a takeover ensued. However, by 2006 FL Group sold its shares in easyJet and the takeover never occurred. In November 2005, easyJet CEO rhenium Webster stepped down and was replaced by Andy Harrison. Under the leadership of Andy Harrison, easyJet expanded its fleet to 122 aircrafts, 262 routes, and 74 airports in 21 countries. In 2007, easyJet reported carrying over 37 million passengers. asyJets success offer be attri besidesed in large part due to its website and internet presence.Between 1995 and 1997 easyJet reservations could be made only via the telephone. Travel agents wou ld non criminal record easyJet reservations because they would not receive a commission. In 1997, easyJet get uped a website in arrange to take reservations, and bookings skyrocketed by over 98% in 7 years. Easy Brand The parley theory culture of easyJet begins with the founder, Stelios Haji-loannou. easyJet and the easy sword are two separate entities. asyJet is owned by EasyJet Airline Company Limited whose largest shareholder is Haji-loannou.Haji-loannou is withal the fix owner of the easy. Haji-loannou licenses his easy brand to his airline as well as to other easyGroup participations. easyGroup corporations consecrate a fee to Haji-loannou for the use of the name. However, easyJet does not have to pay to use the easy brand name. This show and communication style is important because if a company tries to initiate any typesetters case of hostile takeover, the easy brand would be protected.This arrangement displays the type of protection, culture, and loyalty Haji-l oannou has in his company. southwest Airlines easyJet has developed its culture of communication to mimic that of Ameri plenty based southwestern Airlines. Both easyJet and Southwest Airlines are low-fare airlines. Southwest Airlines is the largest airline in the United States and the second largest airline in the World by number of passengers carried (Wikipedia, 2007). Southwest began its trading operations in 1967 and flew to three cities. In the early 1970s, Southwest faced some financial turmoil.Similar to the issues faced by easyJet, Southwest was searching for a way for consumers to book low fare flights directly with the airline. In 1995, Southwest launched its website allowing consumers to book flights directly without the use of a travel agent. Southwest maintains its personal communications with its consumers by only allowing its tickets to be sold on its website and not through any sort of travel agent or travel site. Southwest also allows customers to change reservati ons without additional costs, however it does not allow passengers same day secondary travel on a different flight without paying for an upgrade.While this may front harsh to those passengers who need a standby ticket, it drastically reduces the number of passengers who lose their seats due to standby passengers. Another feature Southwest offers its passengers is to allow them to bring three pieces of luggage to check in kind of of two like most airlines. Even though the aircrafts that Southwest operates are not as homey as other airlines, the additional amenities and low-fares have paid off. The United States Department of Transportation class-conscious Southwest Airlines as the number one passenger preferred airline for 2006.Chairman and CEO of Southwest Airlines, Herb Kelleher believes its as simple as seeking out exceptional employees, treating them with respect, and giving them the analog and encouragement necessary to do their jobs better than anyone knew possible (Stodd er, 1997). Excellent communication with customers starts at the executive level and from within the corporate culture. If communication is emergenceive within a corporation that culture of communication can be handed down to the customer.Execution of a Communication StrategyBy following Southwest Airlines example, easyJet has employed a solid communications dodging with its customers. The majority of businesses in the man today neglect The People Process (Bossidy and Charan 141). In their book, Execution, Larry Bossidy and Ram Charan discuss how to create a dodge of execution in order to create a successful business that focuses on the people and having the even up people in the right places. A robust people process does three things. It evaluates individuals accurately and in depth.It delivers a frame figure out for identifying and developing the leadership talent-at all levels and of all kinds-the organization ordain need to cause its strategies down the road. And it fills the leadership pipeline thats the basis for a strong succession plan (Bossidy and Charan 141). In order to develop a successful communications dodging, a good leader needs to lot the people/employees who will have to execute this strategy. easyJet takes reservations directly from its consumers via its website. When hiring employees, easyJet moldiness(prenominal)iness ensure that these employees have the skills necessary to rick within this type of communication culture.Every easyJet employee needs to be aware of the communication culture and strategy maintained by the corporation in order to deliver that same style of communication to the customer. Rewards and Recognitions due(p) to easyJets communication culture and strategy it is one of the most frequently cited examples of a mainstream company which has ill-used the shift from multi-layer distribution to direct business to consumer transactions. easyJet is a forward thinking corporation and as such(prenominal) launched its direct to consumer website prior to the mass adoption of the Internet.This marketing strategy catapulted easyJet into a top market patch in its industry. In June 2006, easyJets website was awarded the Best Airline Website Award by TravelMole Web Awards beating out rivals including British Airways. The judges stated that the website was user-friendly and pleasing to the eye. conception and Future Growth Even though the airline industry has experienced a decline, low-fare airlines have created a new growth market. easyJet has an extensive luck to continue growing within this growth market.There are four main types of innovations for growth markets debauched innovation, application innovation, product innovation, and plat cast innovation (Moore 74) In order for easyJet to maintain its market position, it must predate one of these methods of innovation or it will fail to keep up with the rest of the industry. Disruptive Innovation correlates with the early market phase of the techn ology-adoption life cycle (Moore 74). The low-fare airline industry has been around for a broad time, but new technologies and international affairs have paved the way for a new type of market within this industry.There are two types of disruptive innovations one that favors complex-systems models and one that favors volume operations (Moore 75). Like its American mentor, Southwest Airlines, easyJet should focus on economizing on every process and function of cart track a successful airline. Southwest Airlines redesigned its corporation and gained market capitalization that is equal to the sum of all of its competitors unite (Moore 80). easyJet needs to analyze its employee compensation, pricing, reservation procedures, equipment, and airport selection to ensure that it can keep up with forthcoming changes and growth within its market. asyJet has already started the process of innovation by hiring Site Confidence to monitor its website. harmonise to an article published by M2 Pr esswire in September 2006 The 24/7 monitoring service will ensure that easyJet customers can book tickets without the threat of downtime, outages or slow download speeds. This new system has produced results for easyJet. gibe to Airline Industry Information easyJet reported an 11. 2% increase in passenger add up for November 2006 as compared to November 2005. Obstacles easyJet Has Had to Over pass off asyJet faced an obstacle in 2006 by not abiding by EU-Law 261/2004 which states that passengers had the right to be reimbursed for the price of their tickets within one calendar week due to airline cancellation. easyJet had difficulty refunding the tickets within the one week period. Effective communication by easyJet kept passengers at ease in the long run, and the passenger numbers continued to climb despite this obstacle. easyJet, although not the first low-fare airline or the first largest low-fare airline in Europe, paved the way for the boom in low-fare air travel at the turn of the century.Due to this high stake in market share, easyJet has been accused of contributing to global warming through the high coke emissions of their aircrafts. The European Low Fares Airline Association has grouped with easyJet and other low fare airlines to argue that these airlines operate more fuel-efficient aircraft than most full service airlines, and that the point to point services offered by these low-fare airlines also use little fuel. However, the low-fares offered by these airlines have caused an increase in air traffic which has resulted in a negative effect on the environment. asyJet and other low-fare airlines have a policy of only operating new aircraft that produce lower emissions and are more environmentally friendly (with the exception of easyJets initial two aircraft).In order to overcome this obstacle, easyJet has been communicating with aircraft manufacturers to design more eco-friendly aircraft, and has even unveiled their own eco-friendly aircraft d esign. Future Eco-Friendly Aircrafts Across the eyeball nations are concerned with developing renewable energy sources that are more environmentally friendly. easyJet is no exception.As easyJet forges ahead into the new millennium, it will face having to replace or redesign its current fleet to be eco-friendly. According to Flight Daily News, Harrison is continuing to push Airbus and Boeing to produce eco-friendly aircrafts. easyJet has unveiled its own design for an eco-friendly aircraft that utilizes lively technologies that could halve carbon dioxide emissions and produce 75% less NOx by 2015. Biofuel technology has been proposed as a current solution, but Harrison expressed his doubts about the use of biofuel technology at the World Low bell Airlines Congress (Kaminski-Morrow, 2007).The Alternative Fuels And Biofuels for Aircraft Development (Alfa-bird) project will localizeigate the economical performance and industrial consequences of displacement from todays kerosene-bas ed fuels to biofuels and other alternates. Based on the results a strategy for these fuels will be be along with an implementation plan. Due to issues with biomass supply for biofuels, synthetic fuels are probably a better solution, the syndicates proposal papers state.Current jet engine fuel efficiency is viewed as near-optimal, firearm air traffic is increasing at a rate of 4% a year, leading to any future efficiency-related fuel savings being consumed by the growth, the consortium says (Coppinger, 2007). Harrison agrees that biofuels are not an optimal alternative at this point, but did state that he is not against biofuel technology (Kaminski-Morrow, 2007). Developing eco-friendly aircrafts will be an obstacle that easyJet will have to overcome, as well as trying to replace their current fleet.EasyJet needs to work in conjunction with Alfa-bird in order to develop these new technologies and maintain their market position in the future. However, during this initial phase of d evelopment, easyJet and Harrison need to remember to utilize the communication style they utilize with their customers, be on tap(predicate) and simple to understand and use. Dismissing any sort of proper communication while developing new technologies can change a corporations communication culture very quickly, even though it does not directly relate to communications with the customer.Developing a Communications Strategy In order to develop a communications strategy that can be integrated into the strategic be after process for the corporation, easyJet must decide what type of strategy to use. There are ten different types of strategy development (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, Lampel, 1998)1) The impertinentize train 2) The Planning civilize 3) The Positioning School 4) The Entrepreneurial School 5) The Cognitive School 6) The learnedness School 7) The Power School 8) The Cultural School 9) The Environmental School and 10) The Configuration School. asyJet needs nominate on its cu rrent communications strategy by applying principles from the innovation School, the Planning School, and the Configuration School. The Design School utilizes a step by step model for strategic communications planning. To begin the communications planning process, easyJet must do an internal and external appraisal in the form of a SWOT Analysis. A SWOT Analysis lists the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the external opportunities and threats of a corporation. Based on the SWOT Analysis, easyJet can larn the corporations distinctive competencies and key success factors.This information is used to formulate the communication strategy. The sole architect for the strategic plan, according to the Design School, is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Harrison must approve the utmost communication strategy, but should receive input from the strategic planning team. By developing the communication strategy as a team, easyJet will also use aspects of the Planning School. The Plannin g School adopts the majority of the exposit from the Design School. The Planning School uses an internal and external audit stage, which consists of a SWOT Analysis.The CEO gives the concluding approval for the communications strategy however, he is not the sole architect. The Planning School provides for a team of strategists to develop the communications strategy. According to the Design School, in order to evaluate and choose the most sound and efficient communications strategy, the following framework should be used. This framework was developed by Dr. Richard Rumelt, DBA from the Harvard General care group and professor at UCLA School of Management. The evaluation process, according to Rumelt, consists of a series of tests (explained in the form of questions).Is the communications strategy consistent with the goals and policies of the corporation? Does the communications strategy adapt to the external environment? Does the communications strategy provide for a competitive ad vantage? Does the communications strategy overuse available resources or create unsolvable problems? The last step in the communications strategy planning process, within the Design School, is to implement the plan. Implementation of the communications strategy will include educating the managers involved as well as the employees of the plans details.The plan should be simple and informal, just like the process of developing it. Managers and employees should be given a step by step guide on how to implement the strategy. The Planning School differs from the Design School in that it implements a formal step by step process for instruction execution the plan. easyJet following the Planning School model should schedule each step of implementation by a specific date. In order to develop a communications strategy that can adapt to the global economy easyJet should also incorporate the six main premises of the Configuration School.The key ingredient is for the corporation to sustain stab ility or at least adaptable strategic change most of the time, but periodically recognize the need for transformation and be able to manage that disruptive process without destroying the organization. easyJet must be cautious not to incorporate the Power School into its communications strategy so much so that it allows a political agenda to override the main goals and vision of the corporation. Harrison must not allow the communications strategy planning process to become a process of bargaining and compromise among at odds(p) political groups and individuals.Utilizing this school of thought in planning a communications strategy can alienate customers and bring about undesired conflict. easyJet must remain cognoscente of the environmental concerns its customers may have regarding its aircraft. However, pushing an outcaste political agenda can drive customers away. Recommendations and Conclusions easyJet started off in the airline industry slow, but by adopting Southwest Airlines model of communication, easyJet was able to become the market leader in low cost air fare in Europe.In order to keep up with technology, easyJet developed a website allowing customers to book reservations directly from the company without having to use a travel agent or pay a commission to a travel agent. To maintain that website easyJet hired European based Site Confidence to provide 24/7 support which resulted in an 11. 2% gain in passenger numbers a month later. Each of these strategies has allowed easyJet to forge ahead and stay one step in front of their competition. In order to remain a front runner in the market, easyJet must continue to utilize its communication style with customers, employees, suppliers, and political leaders.When developing a communications strategy for the future, easyJet must complete and internal and external appraisal in order to tailor the plan to the current trends and the desires of its customers. easyJet should develop a strategic planning team to develop a communications strategy and implement an employee educational program. If easyJets employees are incognizant of its communication strategy and culture, its customers will also be unaware of its communications strategy and culture. asyJet should continue to invest in research and development for new eco-friendly technologies as well as encourage its aircraft suppliers to follow suit. However, Harrison must remember to utilize the communication culture of the corporation at all times as a representative of easyJet and not let the Power School of planning dictate easyJets communications strategy. If easyJet can maintain and improve its current communications strategy then passengers will continue to want to come fly with us.